76,070 research outputs found
Implications of the isotope effects on the magnetization, magnetic torque and susceptibility
We analyze the magnetization, magnetic torque and susceptibility data of
La2-xSrxCu(16,18)O4 and YBa2(63,65)CuO7-x near Tc in terms of the universal
3D-XY scaling relations. It is shown that the isotope effect on Tc mirrors that
on the anisotropy. Invoking the generic behavior of the anisotropy the doping
dependence of the isotope effects on the critical properties, including Tc,
correlation lengths and magnetic penetration depths are traced back to a change
of the mobile carrier concentration.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Magnetic field induced finite size effect in type-II superconductors
We explore the occurrence of a magnetic field induced finite size effect on
the specific heat and correlation lengths of anisotropic type-II
superconductors near the zero field transition temperature Tc. Since near the
zero field transition thermal fluctuations are expected to dominate and with
increasing field strength these fluctuations become one dimensional, whereupon
the effect of fluctuations increases, it appears unavoidable to account for
thermal fluctuations. Invoking the scaling theory of critical phenomena it is
shown that the specific heat data of nearly optimally doped YBa2Cu3O7-x are
inconsistent with the traditional mean-field and lowest Landau level
predictions of a continuous superconductor to normal state transition along an
upper critical field Hc2(T). On the contrary, we observe agreement with a
magnetic field induced finite size effect, whereupon even the correlation
length longitudinal to the applied field H cannot grow beyond the limiting
magnetic length L(H). It arises because with increasing magnetic field the
density of vortex lines becomes greater, but this cannot continue indefinitely.
L(H) is then roughly set on the proximity of vortex lines by the overlapping of
their cores. Thus, the shift and the rounding of the specific heat peak in an
applied field is traced back to a magnetic field induced finite size effect in
the correlation length longitudinal to the applied field.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
A Call to Action: The New Academy of Food Law & Policy
The food system is affected by unique and complex laws. These laws call for a new generation of legal practitioners and scholars. This essay announces the creation of the Academy of Food Law and Policy. The Academy creates a network of law professors researching, teaching, and mentoring in food law and policy
Angular Radii of Stars via Microlensing
We outline a method by which the angular radii of giant and main sequence
stars in the Galactic bulge can be measured to a few percent accuracy. The
method combines ground-based photometry of caustic-crossing bulge microlensing
events, with a handful of precise astrometric measurements of the lensed star
during the event, to measure the angular radius of the source, theta_*. Dense
photometric coverage of one caustic crossing yields the crossing timescale dt.
Less frequent coverage of the entire event yields the Einstein timescale t_E
and the angle phi of source trajectory with respect to the caustic. The
photometric light curve solution predicts the motion of the source centroid up
to an orientation on the sky and overall scale. A few precise astrometric
measurements therefore yield theta_E, the angular Einstein ring radius. Then
the angular radius of the source is obtained by theta_*=theta_E(dt/t_E)
sin(phi). We argue that theta_* should be measurable to a few percent accuracy
for Galactic bulge giant stars using ground-based photometry from a network of
small (1m-class) telescopes, combined with astrometric observations with a
precision of ~10 microarcsec to measure theta_E. We find that a factor of ~50
times fewer photons are required to measure theta_E to a given precision for
binary-lens events than single-lens events. Adopting parameters appropriate to
the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM), ~7 min of SIM time is required to
measure theta_E to ~5% accuracy for giant sources in the bulge. For
main-sequence sources, theta_E can be measured to ~15% accuracy in ~1.4 hours.
With 10 hrs of SIM time, it should be possible to measure theta_* to ~5% for
\~80 giant stars, or to 15% for ~7 main sequence stars. A byproduct of such a
campaign is a significant sample of precise binary-lens mass measurements.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures. Revised version, minor changes, required SIM
integration times revised upward by ~60%. Accepted to ApJ, to appear in the
March 20, 2003 issue (v586
Efficient algorithm to study interconnected networks
Interconnected networks have been shown to be much more vulnerable to random
and targeted failures than isolated ones, raising several interesting questions
regarding the identification and mitigation of their risk. The paradigm to
address these questions is the percolation model, where the resilience of the
system is quantified by the dependence of the size of the largest cluster on
the number of failures. Numerically, the major challenge is the identification
of this cluster and the calculation of its size. Here, we propose an efficient
algorithm to tackle this problem. We show that the algorithm scales as O(N log
N), where N is the number of nodes in the network, a significant improvement
compared to O(N^2) for a greedy algorithm, what permits studying much larger
networks. Our new strategy can be applied to any network topology and
distribution of interdependencies, as well as any sequence of failures.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure
Study of leakage currents in pCVD diamonds as function of the magnetic field
pCVD diamond sensors are regularly used as beam loss monitors in accelerators
by measuring the ionization of the lost particles. In the past these beam loss
monitors showed sudden increases in the dark leakage current without beam
losses and these erratic leakage currents were found to decrease, if magnetic
fields were present. Here we report on a systematic study of leakage currents
inside a magnetic field. The decrease of erratic currents in a magnetic field
was confirmed. On the contrary, diamonds without erratic currents showed an
increase of the leakage current in a magnetic field perpendicular to the
electric field for fields up to 0.6T, for higher fields it decreases. A
preliminary model is introduced to explain the observations.Comment: 6 pages, 16 figures, poster at Hasselt Diamond Workshop, Mar 2009,
accepted version for publicatio
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