2,609 research outputs found
O estado como mecanismo em Hobbes e Descartes
Tradução do artigo Der Staat als Mechanismus bei Hobbes und Descartes, publicado originalmente em Archiv für Rechts-und Sozialphilosophie, v. 30, p. 622-632, 1936/1937. HistóricoSubmissão (1a versão): 15/02/2017Ajustes requeridos: 15/06/2017Submissão (2a versão): 02/07/2017Aceito para publicação: 10/07/2017
O estado como mecanismo em Hobbes e Descartes
Tradução do artigo Der Staat als Mechanismus bei Hobbes und Descartes, publicado originalmente em Archiv für Rechts-und Sozialphilosophie, v. 30, p. 622-632, 1936/1937. HistóricoSubmissão (1a versão): 15/02/2017Ajustes requeridos: 15/06/2017Submissão (2a versão): 02/07/2017Aceito para publicação: 10/07/2017
Anomalies and the chiral magnetic effect in the Sakai-Sugimoto model
In the chiral magnetic effect an imbalance in the number of left- and
right-handed quarks gives rise to an electromagnetic current parallel to the
magnetic field produced in noncentral heavy-ion collisions. The chiral
imbalance may be induced by topologically nontrivial gluon configurations via
the QCD axial anomaly, while the resulting electromagnetic current itself is a
consequence of the QED anomaly. In the Sakai-Sugimoto model, which in a certain
limit is dual to large-N_c QCD, we discuss the proper implementation of the QED
axial anomaly, the (ambiguous) definition of chiral currents, and the
calculation of the chiral magnetic effect. We show that this model correctly
contains the so-called consistent anomaly, but requires the introduction of a
(holographic) finite counterterm to yield the correct covariant anomaly.
Introducing net chirality through an axial chemical potential, we find a
nonvanishing vector current only before including this counterterm. This seems
to imply the absence of the chiral magnetic effect in this model. On the other
hand, for a conventional quark chemical potential and large magnetic field,
which is of interest in the physics of compact stars, we obtain a nontrivial
result for the axial current that is in agreement with previous calculations
and known exact results for QCD.Comment: 35 pages, 4 figures, v2: added comments about frequency-dependent
conductivity at the end of section 4; references added; version to appear in
JHE
Assessing students' experiences of teaching-learning environments and approaches to learning.:Validation of a questionnaire used in different countries and varying contexts.
Ucma/GRP inhibits phosphate-induced vascular smooth muscle cell calcification via SMAD-dependent BMP signalling
Vascular calcification (VC) is the process of deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in the blood vessel wall, with a central role for vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). VC is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and thought, in part, to be induced by phosphate imbalance. The molecular mechanisms that regulate VC are not fully known. Here we propose a novel role for the mineralisation regulator Ucma/GRP (Upper zone of growth plate and Cartilage Matrix Associated protein/Gla Rich Protein) in phosphate-induced VSMC calcification. We show that Ucma/GRP is present in calcified atherosclerotic plaques and highly expressed in calcifying VSMCs in vitro. VSMCs from Ucma/GRP(-/-) mice showed increased mineralisation and expression of osteo/chondrogenic markers (BMP-2, Runx2, beta-catenin, p-SMAD1/5/8, ALP, OCN), and decreased expression of mineralisation inhibitor MGP, suggesting that Ucma/GRP is an inhibitor of mineralisation. Using BMP signalling inhibitor noggin and SMAD1/5/8 signalling inhibitor dorsomorphin we showed that Ucma/GRP is involved in inhibiting the BMP-2-SMAD1/5/8 osteo/chondrogenic signalling pathway in VSMCs treated with elevated phosphate concentrations. Additionally, we showed for the first time evidence of a direct interaction between Ucma/GRP and BMP-2. These results demonstrate an important role of Ucma/GRP in regulating osteo/chondrogenic differentiation and phosphate-induced mineralisation of VSMCs.NWO ZonMw [MKMD 40-42600-98-13007]; FCT [SFRH/BPD/70277/2010]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Reaction rates and transport in neutron stars
Understanding signals from neutron stars requires knowledge about the
transport inside the star. We review the transport properties and the
underlying reaction rates of dense hadronic and quark matter in the crust and
the core of neutron stars and point out open problems and future directions.Comment: 74 pages; commissioned for the book "Physics and Astrophysics of
Neutron Stars", NewCompStar COST Action MP1304; version 3: minor changes,
references updated, overview graphic added in the introduction, improvements
in Sec IV.A.
Singular values of the Dirac operator in dense QCD-like theories
We study the singular values of the Dirac operator in dense QCD-like theories
at zero temperature. The Dirac singular values are real and nonnegative at any
nonzero quark density. The scale of their spectrum is set by the diquark
condensate, in contrast to the complex Dirac eigenvalues whose scale is set by
the chiral condensate at low density and by the BCS gap at high density. We
identify three different low-energy effective theories with diquark sources
applicable at low, intermediate, and high density, together with their
overlapping domains of validity. We derive a number of exact formulas for the
Dirac singular values, including Banks-Casher-type relations for the diquark
condensate, Smilga-Stern-type relations for the slope of the singular value
density, and Leutwyler-Smilga-type sum rules for the inverse singular values.
We construct random matrix theories and determine the form of the microscopic
spectral correlation functions of the singular values for all nonzero quark
densities. We also derive a rigorous index theorem for non-Hermitian Dirac
operators. Our results can in principle be tested in lattice simulations.Comment: 3 references added, version published in JHE
Inverse magnetic catalysis in dense holographic matter
We study the chiral phase transition in a magnetic field at finite
temperature and chemical potential within the Sakai-Sugimoto model, a
holographic top-down approach to (large-N_c) QCD. We consider the limit of a
small separation of the flavor D8-branes, which corresponds to a dual field
theory comparable to a Nambu-Jona Lasinio (NJL) model. Mapping out the surface
of the chiral phase transition in the parameter space of magnetic field
strength, quark chemical potential, and temperature, we find that for small
temperatures the addition of a magnetic field decreases the critical chemical
potential for chiral symmetry restoration - in contrast to the case of
vanishing chemical potential where, in accordance with the familiar phenomenon
of magnetic catalysis, the magnetic field favors the chirally broken phase.
This "inverse magnetic catalysis" (IMC) appears to be associated with a
previously found magnetic phase transition within the chirally symmetric phase
that shows an intriguing similarity to a transition into the lowest Landau
level. We estimate IMC to persist up to 10^{19} G at low temperatures.Comment: 42 pages, 11 figures, v3: extended discussion; new appendix D;
references added; version to appear in JHE
Brain donation in psychiatry: results of a Dutch prospective donor program among psychiatric cohort participants
Laboratory observations of double-diffusive convection using high-frequency broadband acoustics
Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Springer for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Experiments in Fluids 46 (2009): 355-364, doi:10.1007/s00348-008-0570-9.High-frequency broadband (200-300 kHz) acoustic
scattering techniques have been used to observe the
diffusive regime of double-diffusive convection in the
laboratory. Pulse compression signal processing techniques
allow 1) centimetre-scale interface thickness to
be rapidly, remotely, and continuously measured, 2) the
evolution, and ultimate merging, of multiple interfaces
to be observed at high-resolution, and 3) convection
cells within the surrounding mixed layers to be observed.
The acoustically measured interface thickness,
combined with knowledge of the slowly-varying temperatures
within the surrounding layers, in turn allows
the direct estimation of double-diffusive heat and buoyancy
fluxes. The acoustically derived interface thickness,
interfacial fluxes and migration rates are shown
to support established theory. Acoustic techniques complement
traditional laboratory sampling methods and
provide enhanced capabilities for observing the diffusive
regime of double-diffusion in the ocean.Funding for this project was provided by the
Ocean Acoustics program at the Office of Naval Research, and
by the WHOI Cecil and Ida Greene Technology Award
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