A grammar sketch of Kinamayo

Kinamayo (Kamayo) is an Austronesian language spoken on the eastern part of the island of Mindanao, Philippines. This thesis presents a grammar sketch of the case system, a preliminary analysis of the voice system, reference phrase structure, and verb tense, modality, and aspect. The theoretical framework used for this analysis is Role and Reference Grammar. Within this framework, Kamayo is best analyzed as a symmetrical voice language in addition to having an antipassive voice. The case system of active and stative verbs observed in Kamayo supports this analysis. Reference phrases are marked by case, which helps identify syntactic arguments and semantic roles in a clause. The verb system consists of tense, aspect, and modal affixes that mark the verb. An aim of this grammar sketch is to provide publicly available data on the Kamayo language and lay a foundation for further grammar analysis of Kamayo

Utility of a Volume-Regulated Drive System for Direct Mechanical Ventricular Actuation

Direct Mechanical Ventricular Actuation (DMVA) is a non-blood contacting cardiac assist device that augments ventricular function. The purpose of this study was to determine if a volume-regulated hand pump drive system and a pressure-regulated switch tank drive system provide equivalent levels of cardiac support. Canine (n=2) and swine (n=4) were instrumented for hemodynamic monitoring and intravascular echocardiography. DMVA support was assessed during both severe heart failure and fibrillation. Pump function was evaluated using hemodynamic measures to calculate stroke work. Myocardial function was assessed using echocardiographic speckle tracking to quantify strain rate. Results were compared between groups using paired t-tests. There were no significant differences in either pump function or myocardial strain rates between the hand pump versus switch tank during support of either the failing or fibrillating heart. These results suggest functional equivalency between the two drive system mechanisms that supports development of an automated volume-regulated system, with its corresponding benefits in reduced size, portability, and potential user-friendly control

Probing The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation With Actpol: A Millimeter-Wavelength, Polarization-Sensitive Receiver For The Atacama Cosmology Telescope

In this dissertation manuscript, we document the design, development, characterization, and scientific application of next-generation millimeter wavelength imaging technologies, conducted under the auspices of a NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship (NSTRF-11) grant, based at the University of Pennsylvania and completed under the advisement of Professor Mark J. Devlin. NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, supported by recommendations from the National Research Council (NRC) Decadal Survey, has placed the development of mission-enabling technologies for future-generation, seminal orbital platforms probing the nature of the early universe and cosmic inflation at the forefront of directives in space technology research. To work toward the rapid achievement of these directives, we highlight considerations for the design and integration of ACTPol, a new receiver for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), capable of making millimeter-wavelength, polarization-sensitive observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) at arcminute angular scales. ACT is a six-meter telescope located in northern Chile, dedicated to enhancing our understanding of the structure and evolution of the early universe by direct measurement of the CMB. We will focus first on the manner by which the integrated millimeter-wavelength imaging technologies of ACTPol with critical upgrades deployed to the ACT telescope superstructure and site, will enable the instrument to address a myriad of high-priority topics in experimental cosmology. We will then consider the design of the first ACTPol 150 GHz detector array package, which, along with a second 150 GHz array package and a multichroic array package with simultaneous 90 GHz and 150 GHz sensitivity, and associated optomechanical subsystems, comprises the ACTPol focal plane and, ultimately, receiver. Each of these detector array packages reside behind a set of normal-incidence, high-purity silicon reimaging optics with a novel anti-reflective coating geometry, the development flow of which will be detailed. As a root design system, the 150 GHz polarimeter array package consists of 1044 transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers used to measure the response of 522 feedhorn-coupled polarimeters, which enable characterization of the linear orthogonal polarization of incident CMB radiation. The polarimeters are arranged in three hexagonal and three semi-hexagonal silicon wafer stacks, mechanically coupled to an octakaidecagonal, monolithic corrugated silicon feedhorn array (~140 mm diameter). Readout of the TES polarimeters is achieved using time-division SQUID multiplexing (TDM). The three polarimeter array packages comprising the ACTPol focal plane, and associated optical and cryomechanical elements of the fully integrated ACTPol receiver are cooled via a custom-designed, field-deployable dilution refrigerator (DR) providing a 100 mK bath temperature to the detectors, which have a target Tc of 150 mK. Given the unique cryomechanical constraints associated with this large-scale monolithic superconducting focal plane, we address the design considerations necessary for integration with the optical and cryogenic elements of the ACTPol receiver. The ACTPol receiver deployment and early operational protocol development are highlighted, and receiver laboratory and on-site operational optical, cryogenic, and detector performance characterization is considered. ACTPol early scientific operational results are then detailed, including CMB polarization measurements between l=200 and l=9000, measurements of galaxy clusters via the Sunyaev-Zel`dovich effect, and the first set of maps and associated analysis of ACTPol first season galactic field observations. Consideration is also given to work underway toward the realization of Advanced ACTPol, a next-generation receiver for ACT, with the enhanced capability to measure large-angular-scale regimes to probe inflationary cosmology. Finally, an outlook is provided in which lessons-learned from the development of a distributed portfolio of ACTPol and Advanced ACTPol receiver technologies will impact the realization of both near-term global-scale development efforts in experimental cosmology, including the CMB Stage-IV program, and, ultimately, a future-generation seminal CMB inflationary probe satellite platform

Multi-level Feature Fusion-based CNN for Local Climate Zone Classification from Sentinel-2 Images: Benchmark Results on the So2Sat LCZ42 Dataset

As a unique classification scheme for urban forms and functions, the local climate zone (LCZ) system provides essential general information for any studies related to urban environments, especially on a large scale. Remote sensing data-based classification approaches are the key to large-scale mapping and monitoring of LCZs. The potential of deep learning-based approaches is not yet fully explored, even though advanced convolutional neural networks (CNNs) continue to push the frontiers for various computer vision tasks. One reason is that published studies are based on different datasets, usually at a regional scale, which makes it impossible to fairly and consistently compare the potential of different CNNs for real-world scenarios. This study is based on the big So2Sat LCZ42 benchmark dataset dedicated to LCZ classification. Using this dataset, we studied a range of CNNs of varying sizes. In addition, we proposed a CNN to classify LCZs from Sentinel-2 images, Sen2LCZ-Net. Using this base network, we propose fusing multi-level features using the extended Sen2LCZ-Net-MF. With this proposed simple network architecture and the highly competitive benchmark dataset, we obtain results that are better than those obtained by the state-of-the-art CNNs, while requiring less computation with fewer layers and parameters. Large-scale LCZ classification examples of completely unseen areas are presented, demonstrating the potential of our proposed Sen2LCZ-Net-MF as well as the So2Sat LCZ42 dataset. We also intensively investigated the influence of network depth and width and the effectiveness of the design choices made for Sen2LCZ-Net-MF. Our work will provide important baselines for future CNN-based algorithm developments for both LCZ classification and other urban land cover land use classification

Metamaterial near-field sensor for deep-subwavelength thickness measurements and sensitive refractometry in the terahertz frequency range

We present a metamaterial-based terahertz (THz) sensor for thickness measurements of subwavelength-thin materials and refractometry of liquids and liquid mixtures. The sensor operates in reflection geometry and exploits the frequency shift of a sharp Fano resonance minimum in the presence of dielectric materials. We obtained a minimum thickness resolution of 12.5 nm (1/16000 times the wavelength of the THz radiation) and a refractive index sensitivity of 0.43 THz per refractive index unit. We support the experimental results by an analytical model that describes the dependence of the resonance frequency on the sample material thickness and the refractive index.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Conceptual Foundations on Debiasing for Machine Learning-Based Software

Machine learning (ML)-based software’s deployment has raised serious concerns about its pervasive and harmful consequences for users, business, and society inflicted through bias. While approaches to address bias are increasingly recognized and developed, our understanding of debiasing remains nascent. Research has yet to provide a comprehensive coverage of this vast growing field, much of which is not embedded in theoretical understanding. Conceptualizing and structuring the nature, effect, and implementation of debiasing instruments could provide necessary guidance for practitioners investing in debiasing efforts. We develop a taxonomy that classifies debiasing instrument characteristics into seven key dimensions. We evaluate and refine our taxonomy through nine experts and apply our taxonomy to three actual debiasing instruments, drawing lessons for the design and choice of appropriate instruments. Bridging the gaps between our conceptual understanding of debiasing for ML-based software and its organizational implementation, we discuss contributions and future research

Selektive NMR-Bildgebung am Menschen mittels des Protonenaustauschs zwischen Metaboliten und Wasser

Der chemische Austausch von Protonen zwischen freien Wassermolekülen und darin gelösten Stoffen kann mittels 1H-NMR gemessen werden. Das dazu verwendete Verfahren wird als Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) bezeichnet. Es beruht auf der selektiven Sättigung des Resonanzsignals von labil gebundenen Protonen gelöster Stoffe und der anschlieÿenden Detektion der durch chemischen Austausch von Protonen übertragenen Sättigung auf den Pool von freien Wassermolekülen. Die maximale Gröÿe des Sättigungstransfers ist abhängig vom Konzentrationsverhältnis der labilen Protonen zu Protonen des freien Wassers und der Geschwindigkeit des chemischen Austauschs, die wiederum durch den pHWert der chemischen Umgebung sowie deren Temperatur beeinusst wird. In dieser Arbeit wurde eine neue Methode zur selektiven Sättigung von Kernspinresonanzen mit Serien von Hochfrequenzpulsen entwickelt. Darüber hinaus wurden verschiedene Techniken zur schnellen Detektion von präparierten CEST-Eekten an klinischen MR-Tomographen entwickelt und experimentell durch Untersuchungen an Modelllösungen validiert. Parallel dazu wurden Ans ätze zur Korrektur von Fehlerquellen bei CEST-Experimenten evaluiert. Schlieÿlich wurden die Verfahren an klinischen Ganzkörper-MR-Tomographen für pH-gewichtete Bildgebung des Gehirns, zur Evaluation der biochemischen Qualität von Knieknorpel und zur Detektion von Tumoren in der weiblichen Brust bei magnetischen Feldstärken von B0 = 3 T und 7 T eingesetzt. Dabei konnte gezeigt werden, dass das höhere statische Feld die Detektierbarkeit von CEST-Kontrasten verbessert, was hauptsächlich durch eine Verlängerung der Lebensdauer (T1) der gesättigten Spinzustände bedingt ist