Ring extensions invariant under group action

Let $G$ be a subgroup of the automorphism group of a commutative ring with identity $T$. Let $R$ be a subring of $T$ such that $R$ is invariant under the action by $G$. We show $R^G\subset T^G$ is a minimal ring extension whenever $R\subset T$ is a minimal extension under various assumptions. Of the two types of minimal ring extensions, integral and integrally closed, both of these properties are passed from $R\subset T$ to $R^G\subset T^G$. An integrally closed minimal ring extension is a flat epimorphic extension as well as a normal pair. We show each of these properties also pass from $R\subset T$ to $R^G\subseteq T^G$ under certain group action.Comment: Revisions: minor edits and results 4.9-4.11 removed due to error in 4.9; 15 pages; comments welcom

Milwaukee County-Funded Parks and Cultural Institutions

The Public Policy Forum's role in the Audit of Greater Milwaukee's Regional Cultural Assets was to examine the fiscal condition of those cultural assets owned and/or funded by Milwaukee County: the Milwaukee Public Museum, Marcus Center for the Performing Arts, Milwaukee County War Memorial Center, Milwaukee County Historical Society, Charles Allis Museum, Villa Terrace Decorative Art Museum, Milwaukee County Cultural Artistic and Musical Programming Advisory Council, Milwaukee County Zoo and Milwaukee County Parks

Preparing the Future Workforce: Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) Policy in K12 Education in Wisconsin

Last December, the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education Coalition - a national organization of more than 600 groups representing knowledge workers, educators, scientists, engineers, and technicians wrote to President-elect Obama urging him to "not lose sight of the critical role that STEM education plays in enabling the United States to remain the economic and technological leader of the 21st century global marketplace." While that imperative appears to have resonated in Washington, has it and should it resonate in Madison? This report attempts to answer that question by examining the extent to which STEM skills are a necessity for tomorrow's Wisconsin workforce, whether our schools are preparing students to be STEM-savvy workers, and where STEM falls in the state's list of educational priorities

Vladko Maček i Hrvatska seljačka stranka: prizori iz izbjeglištva

Autorica u članku kojeg je izložila na 36. sastanku American Association for Advancement of Slavic Studies (AAASS) u Bostonu 7. prosinca 2004. opisuje nekoliko prizora iz emigrantskog djelovanja Vladka Mačeka i vodstva HSS-a u izbjeglištvu. Istraživanje je utemeljeno na dosada nepoznatim podacima iz nedavno deklasificiranih dokumenata američkih tajnih službi u National Archives of the United States (NARA). Najzanimljiviji su novi podaci koji pokazuju Mačekov odnos prema križarima, vezu HSS-a sa srpskim političarima i četničkim odredima Draže Mihailovića tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata, kao i Mačekov položaj u izbjeglištvu nakon preseljenja u SAD

Picking Out Your Nail Polish

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Design and analysis of static windrow piles for in-house broiler litter composting

In-house windrow composting of broiler litter has been studied to reduce microbial populations between flocks. Published time-temperature goals are used to determine the success of the composting process for microbial reductions. Spatial and temporal density of temperature measurement can influence the ability to determine what portion of a windrow pile has achieved specified time-temperature goals. Based on this motivation, an investigation of the heating profile in windrowed litter and the identification of the effects of spatial and temporal sampling densities on the prediction of the heating profile in windrowed broiler litter were executed. Likewise, an investigation of the effects of moisture content on heat generation during composting of broiler litter was conducted. Ultimately, the research projects were designed with the goal of determining the efficacy of windrow composting as a treatment method for reducing microbial populations in broiler litter and to produce recommendations for the implementation of future windrow temperature monitoring investigations. While past investigations have reported success of windrow composting for microbial population reductions, a lack of intense spatial and temporal temperature monitoring has likely mis-represented the pile heating profile and resultant effects on microbial populations