Modal Shift and High-Speed Rail: A Review of the Current Literature, MTI Report 12-35

This report provides a review of scholarly literature with direct relevance to the topic of modal shift and high-speed rail (HSR). HSR systems are usually planned on the expectation that they will attract riders who would have chosen other modes (such as air, automobile, bus, etc.) had the HSR not been created. Identifying and measuring the actual ability of HSR to effect modal shift is therefore critical. This report examines the evidence concerning HSR and modal shift in both secondary analyses of previous studies and in newer studies that use primarily original data. The studies that were reviewed comprise a large variety of HSR systems, time periods, data sources, and means of analysis. Although this literature is still in a formative stage, with key pieces of data and analysis still unavailable, the existing research is quite clear that HSR is extremely competitive with other modes. This finding emerges from essentially every study examined for this report and is reflected in outcomes from the HSR systems of Europe and Asia, with limited information from the US. The convergence of these multiple sources and analytic frameworks on similar results provides a reasonably secure basis for inferring that new HSR systems placed in appropriate travel corridors and managed well are likely to result in significant amounts of modal shift. Essentially, the literature affirms that HSR has resulted in significant-to-dramatic mode shifts where it has been systematically evaluated. The most extensive and convincing information concerns HSR versus airline service. In both Europe and Asia, air service for specific routes was reduced, or even curtailed altogether, following coverage of the same routes by HSR. When HSR is faster from beginning to end of a trip, HSR gains market share rapidly and decisively. HSR market share also grows when time to access and egress the system; fare cost versus that of other modes; service frequency, service quality, and number of transfers required are compared. The research concerning direct competition with automobiles, expresses buses, and other modes is much less highly developed, but also points to HSR service as effectively winning market share. Although this study does not include analysis of new data that would address the California HSR system, the findings from the research reviewed here are highly consistent with the expectation that the planned HSR system is well positioned to achieve comparable modal shift

International Lessons for Promoting Transit Connections to High-Speed Rail Systems

As the California High-Speed Rail (HSR) project becomes reality, many communities involved in, or affected by, the California HSR project have considered how to connect the new HSR passenger services to local urban transportation systems – such as bus and light rail systems – and how they can take advantage of HSR accessibility and speed throughout the state. European and other overseas systems have decades of experience in forging connections between HSR and various transportation options. This study examines international HSR stations and identifies patterns in transit connections associated with stations on the basis of size, population levels, and other characteristics. Additionally, a closer examination is made of the lessons that can be learned from a strategic sample of overseas HSR stations, correlated to similar cities in the planned California system. Generally, the findings from the comparison suggest that California cities must make significant strides to approach the level of integration and ease of access to other modes that systems outside the U.S. now enjoy

Accessibility Factor of the Elderly in Achieve Mobility Requirements: Case Study in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah

The Ageing Population is a phenomenon that arises in global countries due to modernization and globalization. The elderly will be marginalized when travelling less due to the inaccessibility to the essential need later in life. This research examines the accessibility factor related to the travel pattern of the elderly. Factor Analysis is used to analyze 29 parameters of the element implemented accessibility towards their living requirements. This study developed four main factors: personal, land use, transportation facilities, and temporal. The research *ndings can assist the government and various agencies in implementing policies and strategies to ful*l the mobility needs of the elderly. Keywords: Accessibility; the elderly; land use; mobility eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i20.344

Impacts of Real-Time Transit Information on Bus Passengers’ Travel Choices Based on Travel Behaviour Survey

Real-time transit information (RTI) service can provide travellers with information on public transport and guide them to arrange departure time and travel mode accordingly. This paper aims to analyse travellers’ choices under RTI by exploring the relationship between the related variables of RTI and passengers’ travel choice. Based on the stated preference (SP) survey data, the ordinal logistic regression model is established to analyse the changing probability of passengers’ travel behaviour under RTI. The model calculation results show that travellers getting off work are more likely to change their travel choice under RTI. When data from the control and experimental groups are compared, the differences in route selection are significant. Specifically, passengers with RTI have a more complex route selection than those without, including their changes of travel mode, departure time, vehicles, and stop choices. The research findings can provide insights into the optimisation of intelligent transit information systems and the strategy of RTI. Also, the analysis of passengers’ travel choice under RTI in the transit network can help to improve network planning

The Attitudes and values behind the mobility habits of the Helsinki capital region inhabitants

Climate change mitigation puts pressure on societies to change their mobility habits. People are at the centre of this change and, therefore, it is crucial to understand the de-terminants behind people’s mobility habits. The objective of this master’s thesis research is to find out what kinds of values and attitudes guide the daily mobility habits of the Helsinki capital region inhabitants. The research was conducted as an assignment for MaaS Global and the aim is to provide information that can support development of the Mobility as a Service (MaaS) concept, which is seen as a one of the ways of making the transport sector more sustainable. The data were collected with a survey posted to the social media channels of the Hel-sinki, Vantaa and Espoo municipalities and to an informal Facebook page for Vantaa inhabitants. The data were analysed mainly with statistical methods. The answers were grouped into seven mobility segments that were formed based on the primary and sec-ondary modes of transport used by the survey respondents. The mobility segments are (1) active users of public transport, (2) primary car users / secondary public transport us-ers, (3) primary public transport users / secondary car users, (4) sporty car users, (5) sporty public transport users, (6) committed car users, and (7) pedestrians and cyclists. The mobility segments form the basis for the analysis. The results show that most people have positive attitudes towards walking and cycling. As modes of transport, cycling and walking are also seen as beneficial forms of exercise. However, positive attitudes towards walking and cycling are not necessarily reflected in actual mobility habits because some other values, such as comfort, are higher on a per-son’s value hierarchy and, therefore, guide them to choose other modes of transport, such as a private car or public transport. In addition to comfort, the reasons for using a private car are usually practical, whereas status and image related reasons do not have much influence on private car usage. Among active public transport users, pedestrians and cyclists, and sporty public transport users, there are people who have negative atti-tudes towards private car usage – they also see that a private car is not suitable for their image. Most people have neither status nor safety related obstacles for using public transport. The group of committed car users is rather small and most people combine different modes of transport. The opportunity to combine different modes of transport is seen as a way to achieve freedom of mobility

Employment status and commute distance of Canadians with disabilities

Disabilities, Impairments, Employment status, Commute distance, 2006 Participation and Activity Limitation Survey, Canada,

A week in the life of baby boomers: how do they see the spatial–temporal organization of their activities and travel?

Baby boomers, Activity patterns, Spatial–temporal flexibility, Panel survey,

Understanding the exclusion issues of mobility-as-a-service (MaaS): The potential problems of older travellers’ involvement

A series of pilots and service fragments of Mobility-as-a-Service have launched out in recent years, but it is generally recognized as is still on the early stage of its development, whether in terms of the service concept and framework, the level of urban construction and the acceptance of travellers. According to the earlier study of MaaS in a workshop in middle England, the result referred to the lack of consensus and mismatch of value propositions among stakeholders, which leads to the early market has not fully considered the requirements of the older travellers. Therefore, this study reviews previous literatures and summarized the logic relation of the relevant key influencing factors, in order to provide the evidence for future sustainable development of MaaS on the aspect of increasing older travellers’ social participation