Classification and Recovery of Radio Signals from Cosmic Ray Induced Air Showers with Deep Learning

Radio emission from air showers enables measurements of cosmic particle kinematics and identity. The radio signals are detected in broadband Megahertz antennas among continuous background noise. We present two deep learning concepts and their performance when applied to simulated data. The first network classifies time traces as signal or background. We achieve a true positive rate of about 90% for signal-to-noise ratios larger than three with a false positive rate below 0.2%. The other network is used to clean the time trace from background and to recover the radio time trace originating from an air shower. Here we achieve a resolution in the energy contained in the trace of about 20% without a bias for $80\%$ of the traces with a signal. The obtained frequency spectrum is cleaned from signals of radio frequency interference and shows the expected shape.Comment: 20 pages, 13 figures, resubmitted to JINS

Organic Farming Research Support and Research Priorities in the European Union

Support for Organic Farming focused research has increased significantly in successive EU research funding frameworks. This is in line with constantly increasing consumer demand for organic foods over the last 20 years, which has accelerated again over the last 2 years in many European countries, including new member states. Under the 7th Framework Programme (FP7), the expected new increase of funds for organic farming could significantly decrease, even below the levels made available under the 5th Framework Programme (FP5). Most of the project topics listed focus on the development of methods for economic analyses of Organic Farming and/or follow a very “reductionist” one problem - one potential solution approach. On the other side, as there is no clear instruments to establish priorities in research programmes at European level. The IFOAM EU Group has developed a consultation process to set organic farming sector priorities, which could be used as a model to set research priorities in the future. This paper also presents a first assessment of the EU support to organic farming research, reviewing main achievements in organic food production systems research and proposing some changes in the current 7th Framework Programme

Building an Agent-Based Model for exploring how informal rules impact the functioning of newly-established Water User Associations in Central Asia

International audienceIn transition countries informal institutions play a major role and often interfere with new formal institutions leading to large discrepancies between rules on paper and rules in use. We develop an agent-based model to explore the interaction between formal and informal rules and its effect on the performance of the formal institutions, based on the example of water user associations (WUA) in Uzbekistan. The model is based on field experience such as community-based work and role playing games, complemented by available literature. In this paper we present the conceptualization of the model, its empirical foundation and a first baseline scenario. We model a water user association where rules based on formal and informal institutions can be used. The baseline scenario represents the results of a totally formal WUA. In a next step we will introduce informal rules and explore how they can coexist with formal ones. Further work will bring us to question rules' implementation and roles and relationships evolution through selective rules adoption. The model will allow exploring under which conditions the institution WUA can function well and what might be mechanisms for the selection and adoption of rules by individual members

This is Not Your Grandparents\u27 Military Justice System: The 2022 and 2023 National Defense Authorization Acts

Despite the major reforms to the American military justice system in the 2016 Military Justice Act, the drumbeat for reform has continued. One of the most-often heard calls for reform over the last decade has suggested removing commanders from the military justice system. Some have argued that a command-centric military justice system was outdated, and it was time to make the system look more like the Federal criminal procedure system. Other critics have advocated for a military justice system that looks more like those of our allied nations. This article briefly addresses the 2022 and 2023 NDAA changes to the military justice system and suggests that certain issues that were not addressed in the acts will continue to present challenges to those charged with administering military justice