Evolution From Insulator (x=0.003) To Metal (x=1) Of The Eu 2+ Local Environment In Ca 1-xeu Xb 6

The local environment of Eu2+ (4 f7, S=72) in Ca1-x Eux B6 (0.003≤x≤1.00) is studied by means of electron spin resonance (ESR). For x≲0.07 the resonances have Lorentzian line shape, indicating an insulating environment for the Eu2+ ions. For x≳0.07, the lines broaden and become Dysonian in shape, suggesting a change to metallic environment for the Eu2+ ions, anticipating the semimetallic character of EuB6. The broadening is attributed to a spin-flip scattering relaxation process due to the exchange interaction between conduction and Eu2+ 4f electrons. High field ESR measurements for x≳0.30 reveal narrower and anisotropic linewidths, which are attributed to magnetic polarons and Fermi surface effects, respectively. © 2005 American Institute of Physics.9710Young, D.P., (1999) Nature (London), 397, p. 412Zhitomirsky, M.E., (1999) Nature (London), 402, p. 251Tromp, H.J., (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett., 87, p. 016401Massidda, S., Continenza, A., De Pascale, T.M., Monnier, R., (1997) Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter, 102, p. 83Urbano, R.R., (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 65, p. 180407Bennett, M.C., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 69, p. 132407Urbano, R.R., Pagliuso, P.G., Rettori, C., Oseroff, S.B., Sarrao, J.L., Schlottmann, P., Fisk, Z., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70, p. 140401Pake, G.E., Purcell, E.M., (1948) Phys. Rev., 74, p. 1184Bloembergen, N., (1952) J. Appl. Phys., 23, p. 1383Feher, G., Kip, A.F., (1955) Phys. Rev., 98, p. 337Dyson, F.J., (1955) Phys. Rev., 98, p. 349Sperlich, G., Jansen, K., (1974) Solid State Commun., 15, p. 1105Essam, J.W., (1972) Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, 2, p. 197. , Academic, LondonSchlottmann, P., Hellberg, C.S., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79, p. 6414Fisk, Z., (1979) J. Appl. Phys., 50, p. 1911Goodrich, R.G., Harrison, N., Vuillemin, J.J., Tekul, A., Hall, D.W., Fisk, Z., Young, D., Sarrao, J., (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 58, p. 14896Rhyee, J.-S., Cho, B.K., Ri, H.-C., (2003) Phys. Rev. B, 67, p. 125102Wigger, G.A., Beeli, C., Felder, E., Ott, H.R., Bianchi, A.D., Fisk, Z., (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett., 93, p. 14720

Noncubic Symmetry In Ca 1-xeu Xb 6 (0.15≲x≤1.00): An Electron-spin-resonance Study

The Eu2+ (4 f7, S=72) g value in Ca1-x Eux B6 (0.15≲x≤1.00) was measured by means of electron spin resonance at two frequencies (fields), 9.4 (≈3.4 kOe) and 34.4 GHz (≈12.1 kOe). The g value was found to be anisotropic and magnetic-field dependent. The amplitude of the anisotropy increases at low temperatures. The observed angular and temperature dependences of the g value suggest tetragonal symmetry caused, presumably, by a distortion along a direction perpendicular to the largest crystal face, the [001] direction. Due to the platelet shape of the samples, part of the anisotropy of the g value can also be attributed to demagnetization effects. The g values decrease at higher fields, which is interpreted in terms of a two-band model involving an exchange interaction between the localized Eu2+ 4 f7 electrons with conduction Eu2+ 5d -like electrons and B 2p -like holes. © 2006 American Institute of Physics.998Etourneau, J., Hagenmuller, P., (1985) Philos. Mag. B, 52, p. 589Young, D.P., (1999) Nature (London), 397, p. 412Zhitomirsky, M.E., Rice, T.M., Anisimov, V.I., (1999) Nature (London), 402, p. 251Degiorgi, L., Felder, E., Ott, H.R., Sarrao, J.L., Fisk, Z., (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett., 79, p. 5134Massidda, S., Continenza, A., De Pascale, T.M., Monnier, R., (1997) Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter, 102, p. 83Süllow, S., (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 57, p. 5860Booth, C.H., Sarrao, J.L., Hundley, M.F., Cornelius, A.L., Kwei, G.H., Bianchi, A., Fisk, Z., Lawrence, J.M., (2001) Phys. Rev. B, 63, p. 224302Paschen, S., Pushim, D., Schlatter, M., Vonlanthen, P., Ott, H.R., Young, D.P., Fisk, Z., (2000) Phys. Rev. B, 61, p. 4174Wigger, G.A., Walti, Ch., Ott, H.R., Bianchi, A.D., Fisk, Z., (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 66, p. 212410Wigger, G.A., Beeli, C., Felder, E., Ott, H.R., Bianchi, A.D., Fisk, Z., (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett., 93, p. 147203Uimin, G., (1997) Phys. Rev. B, 55, p. 8267Sturm, H., Elschner, B., Hock, K.-H., (1985) Phys. Rev. Lett., 54, p. 1291Altshuler, T.S., Bresler, M.S., (1999) J. Exp. Theor. Phys., 88, p. 1019Süllow, S., Prasad, I., Aronson, M.C., Bogdanovich, S., Sarrao, J.L., Fisk, Z., (2000) Phys. Rev. B, 62, p. 11626Urbano, R.R., Pagliuso, P.G., Rettori, C., Oseroff, S.B., Sarrao, J.L., Schlottmann, P., Fisk, Z., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70, p. 140401Urbano, R.R., (2005) Phys. Rev. B, 71, p. 184422Feher, G., Kip, A.F., (1955) Phys. Rev., 98, p. 337. , 0031-899X 10.1103/PhysRev.98.337Dyson, F.J., (1955) Phys. Rev., 98, p. 349. , 0031-899X 10.1103/PhysRev.98.349Pake, G.E., Purcell, E.M., (1948) Phys. Rev., 74, p. 1184Abragam, A., Bleaney, B., (1970) EPR of Transition Ions, , Clarendon, OxfordKunii, S., Uemura, T., Chiba, Y., Kasuya, T., Date, M., (1985) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 52, p. 271. , 0304-8853 10.1016/0304-8853(85)90277-XKunii, S., (2000) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 69, p. 3789Bisch, P.M., Troper, A., Gomes, A.A., (1976) Phys. Rev. B, 13, p. 3902. , 0556-2805 10.1103/PhysRevB.13.3902Troper, A., De Menezes, O.L.T., Lederer, P., Gomes, A.A., (1978) Phys. Rev. B, 18, p. 3709. , 0556-2805 10.1103/PhysRevB.18.3709Barberis, G.E., Davidov, D., Donoso, J.P., Rettori, C., Suassuna, J.F., Dokter, H.D., (1979) Phys. Rev. B, 19, p. 5495. , 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.19.5495Pagliuso, P.G., Rettori, C., Sarrao, J.L., Cornelius, A., Hundley, M.F., Fisk, Z., Oseroff, S.B., (1999) Phys. Rev. B, 60, p. 13515Calderón, M.J., Wegener, L.G.L., Littlewood, P.B., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70, p. 092404Davidov, D., Maki, K., Orbach, R., Rettori, C., Chock, E.P., (1973) Solid State Commun., 12, p. 62

Esr Study Of The Eu2+ G -value In The Metallic Phase Of Cubic Hexaboride Ca1-x Eux B6 (0.15 X≤1.00)

The angular, magnetic field, and temperature dependence of the Eu2+ (4 f7, S=7/2) g -value in Ca1-x Eux B6 (0.15 x≤1.00) is measured by means of electron spin resonance at two microwave frequencies, 9.4 and 34.4 GHz. The g -value is found to be anisotropic and magnetic-field-dependent. The reduction with field of the positive g -shift is interpreted in terms of the exchange interaction between the localized Eu2+ 4 f7 electrons with the conduction Eu2+ 5d -like electrons and B 2p -like holes. The angular, temperature, and x dependence of the anisotropy of the g -value can be attributed to demagnetization effects due to the platelet-like shape of the samples. High-resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction experiments show the absence of distortions larger than δa/a∼ 10-4. However, a mechanism for the anisotropy based on a weak tetragonal lattice distortion arising from the crystal surface cannot be excluded. © 2006 The American Physical Society.7311Etourneau, J., Hagenmuller, P., (1985) Philos. Mag. B, 52, p. 589. , PMABDJ 1364-2812Young, D.P., Hall, D., Torelli, M.E., Fisk, Z., Sarrao, J.L., Thompson, J.D., Ott, H.R., Zysler, R., (1999) Nature (London), 397, p. 412. , NATUAS 0028-0836 10.1038/17081Zhitomirsky, M.E., Rice, T.M., Anisimov, V.I., (1999) Nature (London), 402, p. 251. , NATUAS 0028-0836 10.1038/46204Degiorgi, L., Felder, E., Ott, H.R., Sarrao, J.L., Fisk, Z., (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett., 79, p. 5134. , PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.5134Massidda, S., Continenza, A., De Pascale, T.M., Monnier, R., (1997) Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter, 102, p. 83. , ZPCMDN 0722-3277 10.1007/s002570050267Süllow, S., Prasad, I., Aronson, M.C., Sarrao, J.L., Fisk, Z., Hristova, D., Lacerda, A.H., Gibbs, D., (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 57, p. 5860. , PRBMDO. 0163-1829. 10.1103/PhysRevB.57.5860Booth, C.H., Sarrao, J.L., Hundley, M.F., Cornelius, A.L., Kwei, G.H., Bianchi, A., Fisk, Z., Lawrence, J.M., (2001) Phys. Rev. B, 63, p. 224302. , PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.224302Paschen, S., Pushin, D., Schlatter, M., Vonlanthen, P., Ott, H.R., Young, D.P., Fisk, Z., (2000) Phys. Rev. B, 61, p. 4174. , PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.4174Wigger, G.A., Walti, Ch., Ott, H.R., Bianchi, A.D., Fisk, Z., (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 66, p. 212410. , PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.212410Wigger, G.A., Beeli, C., Felder, E., Ott, H.R., Bianchi, A.D., Fisk, Z., (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett., 93, p. 147203. , PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.147203Uimin, G., (1997) Phys. Rev. B, 55, p. 8267. , PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.8267Sturm, H., Elschner, B., Hock, K.-H., (1985) Phys. Rev. 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Gd 3+ And Eu 2+ Local Environment In Ca 1-xeu Xb 6 (0.0001 ≤ X ≤ 0.30) And Ca 1-xgd Xb 6 (0.0001 ≤ X ≤ 0.01)

Local environment of Gd 3+ and Eu 2+ 4f 7 ions, S =7/2, in Ca 1-xEu xB 6 (0.0001 ≤ x ≤ 0.30) and Ca xGd xB 6 (0.0001 ≤ x ≤ 0.01) is investigated by means of electron spin resonance (ESR). For x ≤ 0.001 the spectra show resolved fine structures due to the cubic crystal electric field and, in the case of Eu, the hyperfine structure due to the nuclear hyperfine field is also observed. The resonances have Lorentzian line shape, indicating insulating host for the Gd 3+ and Eu 2+ ions. As x increases, the ESR lines broaden due to local distortions caused by the Ca/Gd,Eu ions substitution. For Gd (x ≈ 0.001) and Eu (x ≈ 0.02), the spectra present superposition of Lorentzian and Dysonian resonances, suggesting a coexistence of insulating and metallic hosts for the Gd 3+ and Eu 2+ ions. The Gd 3+ and Eu 2+ fine structures are still observable up to x ≈ 0.003 for Gd and x ≈ 0.15 for Eu. For larger values of x the fine and hyperfine structures are no longer observed, the line width increases, and the line shape becomes pure Dysonian anticipating the metallic and semimetallic character of GdB 6 and EuB 6, respectively. These results clearly show that in the low concentration regime the Ca 1-xR xB 6 = Gd, Eu) systems are intrinsically inhomogeneous. No evidence of weak ferromagnetism (WF) was found in the ESR spectra of either metallic or insulating phases of these compounds, suggesting that, if WF is present in these materials, the Gd 3+ and Eu 2+ 4f 7 -electrons are shielded from the WF field. © 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.203715501555Young, D.P., (1999) Nature, 397, p. 412Zhitomirsky, M.E., (1999) Nature, 402, p. 251Balents, L., Varma, C.M., (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett., 84, p. 1264Barzykin, V., Gor'kov, L.P., (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett., 84, p. 2207Jarlborg, T., (2001) Physica B, 307, p. 291(2000) Phys. Rev. Lett., 85, p. 186Ceperley, D., (1999) Nature, 397, p. 386Tromp, H.J., (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett., 87, p. 16401Massidda, S., Continenza, A., De Pascale, T.M., Monnier, R., (1997) Z. Phys. B, Condens. Matter, 102, p. 83Urbano, R.R., Rettori, C., Barberis, G.E., Torelli, M., Bianchi, A., Fisk, Z., Pagliuso, P.G., Oseroff, S.B., (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 65, pp. 180407RMoriwaka, T., (2001) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 70, p. 341Hall, D., (2001) Phys. Rev. B, 64, p. 233105Vonlanthen, P., (2000) Phys. Rev. B, 62, p. 10076Ott, H.R., (1997) Z. Phys. B, 102, p. 337Gavilano, J.L., (2001) Phys. Rev. B, 63, pp. 140410RGiannio, K., (2002) J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 14, p. 1035Denlinger, J.D., (2002) Phys. Rev. Lett., 89, p. 157601Rhyee, J.-S., Cho, B.K., Ri, H.-C., (2003) Phys. Rev. B, 67, p. 125102Souma, S., Komatsu, H., Takahashi, T., Kaji, R., Sasaki, T., Yokoo, Y., Akimitsu, J., (2003) Phys. Rev. Lett., 90, p. 027202Terashima, T., (2000) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 69, p. 2423Matsubayashi, K., Maki, M., Tsuzuki, T., (2002) Nature, 420, p. 143Fisk, Z., (2002) Nature, 420, p. 144Bennett, M.C., Van Lierop, J., Berkeley, E.M., Mansfield, J.F., Henderson, C., Aronson, M.C., Young, D.P., Lacerda, A., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 69, p. 132407Urbano, R.R., Pagliuso, P.G., Sarrao, J.L., Oseroff, S.B., Rettori, C., Bianchi, A., Nakatsuji, S., Fisk, Z., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 272-276 (1 SUPPL.), pp. E1659Urbano, R.R., Pagliuso, P.G., Rettori, C., Schlottmann, P., Sarrao, J.L., Bianchi, A., Nakatsuji, S., Oseroff, S.B., (2005) Phys. Rev. B, 71, p. 184422Urbano, R.R., Pagliuso, P.G., Rettori, C., Oseroff, S.B., Sarrao, J.L., Schlottmann, P., Fisk, Z., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70, pp. 140401RAbragam, A., Bleaney, B., (1970) EPR of Transition Ions, , Clarendon Press, OxfordPake, G.E., Purcell, E.M., (1948) Phys. Rev., 74, p. 1184Bloembergen, N., (1952) J. Appl. Phys., 23, p. 1383Feher, G., Kip, A.F., (1955) Phys. Rev., 98, p. 337Dyson, F.J., (1955) Phys. Rev., 98, p. 349Essam, J.W., (1972) Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, 2, p. 197. , edited by C. Domb and M. S. Green (Academic Press, London)Schlottmann, P., Hellberg, C.S., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 79, p. 6414Wigger, G.A., Beeli, C., Felder, E., Ott, H.R., Bianchi, A.D., Fisk, Z., (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett., 93, p. 14720

Coexisting On-center And Off-center Yb3+ Sites In Ce1-x Ybx Fe4 P12 Skutterudites

Electron-spin-resonance (ESR) measurements performed on the filled skutterudite system Ce1-x Ybx Fe4 P12 (x≲0.003) unequivocally reveal the coexistence of two Yb3+ resonances associated with sites of considerably different occupations and temperature behaviors. Detailed analysis of the ESR data suggests a scenario where the fraction of oversized (Fe2 P3) 4 cages that host Yb ions are filled with a low occupation of on-center Yb3+ sites and a highly occupied T -dependent distribution of off-center Yb3+ sites. Analysis of the Y 171 b3+ (I=1/2) isotope hyperfine splittings reveal that these two sites are associated with a low (∼1 GHz) and a high (≲ 15 GHz) rattling frequency, respectively. Our findings introduce Yb3+ in Th symmetry systems and use the Yb3+ ESR as a sensitive microscopic probe to investigate the Yb3+ ions dynamics. © 2009 The American Physical Society.805Snyder, G.J., Toberer, E.S., Complex thermoelectric materials (2008) Nature Materials, 7 (2), pp. 105-114. , DOI 10.1038/nmat2090, PII NMAT2090Nolas, G., Slack, G., (2001) Am. Sci., 89, p. 136(2007), http://jpsj.ipap.jp/journal/JPSJS-77SA.html, See, for example, the SkutteruditeYanagisawa, T., Ho, P.-C., Yuhasz, W.M., Maple, M.B., Yasumoto, Y., Watanabe, H., Nemoto, Y., Goto, T., (2008) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 77, p. 074607. , 10.1143/JPSJ.77.074607Goto, T., Nemoto, Y., Sakai, K., Yamaguchi, T., Akatsu, M., Yanagisawa, T., Hazama, H., Sato, H., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 69, p. 180511. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.180511Lee, C.H., Hase, I., Sugawara, H., Yoshizawa, H., Sato, H., (2006) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 75, p. 123602. , 10.1143/JPSJ.75.123602Vining, C.B., (2008) Nature Mater., 7, p. 765. , 10.1038/nmat2271Koza, M.M., Johnson, M.R., Viennois, R., Mutka, H., Girard, L., Ravot, D., (2008) Nature Mater., 7, p. 805. , 10.1038/nmat2260Jeitschko, W., Braun, D., (1977) Acta Crystallogr., Sect.B: Struct. Crystallogr. Cryst. Chem., 33, p. 3401. , 10.1107/S056774087701108XInui, T., Tanabe, Y., Onodera, Y., (1966) Group Theory and Its Applications in Physics, , Springer, BerlinTakegahara, K., Harima, H., Yanase, A., (2001) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 70, p. 1190. , 10.1143/JPSJ.70.1190Abragam, A., Bleaney, B., (1970) EPR of Transition Ions, , Clarendon, OxfordNakanishi, Y., Kumagai, T., Oikawa, M., Tanizawa, T., Yoshizawa, M., Sugawara, H., Sato, H., (2007) Phys. Rev. B, 75, p. 134411. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.134411;Yanagisawa, T., (2007) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 310, p. 223. , 10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.10.010;Yuhasz, W.M., Frederick, N.A., Ho, P.-C., Butch, N.P., Taylor, B.J., Sayles, T.A., Maple, M.B., Giester, G., (2005) Phys. Rev. B, 71, p. 104402. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.104402;Rotundu, C.R., Ingersent, K., Andraka, B., (2007) Phys. Rev. B, 75, p. 104504. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.104504;Yuhasz, W.M., Ho, P.-C., Sayles, T.A., Yanagisawa, T., Frederick, N.A., Maple, M.B., Rogl, P., Giester, G., (2007) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 19, p. 076212. , 10.1088/0953-8984/19/7/076212;Yang, C.P., Wang, H., Iwasa, K., Kohgi, M., Sugawara, H., Sato, H., Crystal field effects in CeOs4Sb12 as determined by inelastic neutron scattering (2006) Applied Physics Letters, 89 (8), p. 082508. , DOI 10.1063/1.2264336Goremychkin, E.A., Osborn, R., Bauer, E.D., Maple, M.B., Frederick, N.A., Yuhasz, W.M., Woodward, F.M., Lynn, J.W., (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett., 93, p. 157003. , 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.157003Garcia, D.J., Garcia, F.A., Duque, J.G.S., Pagliuso, P.G., Rettori, C., Schlottmann, P., Torikachvili, M.S., Oseroff, S.B., (2008) Phys. Rev. B, 78, p. 174428. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.174428Meisner, G.P., Torikachvili, M.S., Yang, K.N., Maple, M.B., Guertin, R.P., (1985) J. Appl. Phys., 57, p. 3073. , 10.1063/1.335217Feher, G., Kip, A.F., (1955) Phys. Rev., 98, p. 337. , 10.1103/PhysRev.98.337;Dyson, F.J., (1955) Phys. Rev., 98, p. 349. , 10.1103/PhysRev.98.349;Pake, G.E., Purcell, E.M., (1948) Phys. Rev., 74, p. 1184. , 10.1103/PhysRev.74.1184Chock, E.P., Davidov, D., Orbach, R., Rettori, C., Tao, L.J., (1972) Phys. Rev. B, 5, p. 2735. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.5.2735Korringa, J., (1950) Physica (Amsterdam), 16, p. 601. , 10.1016/0031-8914(50)90105-4;Hasegawa, H., (1959) Prog. Theor. Phys., 21, p. 1093Rettori, C., Davidov, D., Orbach, R., Chock, E.P., Ricks, B., (1973) Phys. Rev. B, 7, p. 1. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.7.1Lea, K.R., Leask, M.J.M., Wolf, W.P., (1962) J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 23, p. 1381. , 10.1016/0022-3697(62)90192-0Farach, H.A., Strother, E.F., Poole, C.P., (1970) J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 31, p. 1491. , 10.1016/0022-3697(70)90034-XAnderson, P.W., (1954) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 9, p. 316. , 10.1143/JPSJ.9.316Cao, D., Bridges, F., Chesler, P., Bushart, S., Bauer, E.D., Maple, M.B., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70, p. 094109. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.094109Garcia, F.A., Garcia, D.J., Duque, J.G.S., Pagliuso, P.G., Rettori, C., Schlottmann, P., Torikachvili, M.S., Oseroff, S.B., Physica