Probleme der textauswahl für einen elektronischen thesaurus: tagungsbericht

English Title: Problems Concerning the Choice of Text Materials for an Electronic Thesaurus: Conference ReportEnglish AbstractAt the invitation of the Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen a colloquy was held on 1 and 2 November 1996. Experts in lexicographical studies and single word research participated in a discussion of problems concerning the choice of text materials for an electronic thesaurus.Keywords: deutsches wörterbuch, corpora, text selection, german languag

Der Thesaurusgedanke im Grimmschen Wörterbuch

English Title: The Thesaurus Concept in Grimm's German DictionaryEnglish AbstractUsers often expect to find a complete collection of German vocabulary and quotations in Grimm's German Dictionary. These opinions result from different pretensions of Grimm lexicographers to produce a thesaurus. A historical analysis allows us to discern four different thesaurus concepts in the development of the German Dictionary. During the first period the concept was determined by the attempts of J. Grimm to document the richness of the entire German language in only one dictionary. With regard to certain puristic selections this thesaurus concept can be described as a 'regulated selected richness'. In the following period regulating elements were replaced by philological scientific methods to give reasons for the maintenance of what R. Hildebrand called internal completeness. The new scientific argument of completeness is the basis for the rise of the German Dictionary to the state of a national thesaurus as well as the slowing down of production. Due to this the dictionary lost part of its acceptance, and the planning of an alternative thesaurus was started. When, in 1908, the Prussian Academy took charge of the German Dictionary the third period of the thesaurus concept, which included several reforms, began. Above all, the claim for completeness was limited to the variety of cultivated speech. These reforms, however, could only solve part of the problems. It was impossible to produce complete articles on philological standards and to finish the dictionary in an adequate time. With the new edition of the German Dictionary, started in 1957, these problems continued. Since 1987 the office in Göttingen tries to go new ways by separating the functions of a dictionary from the functions of a thesaurus. This fourth concept is based on a functional separation between selective dictionary articles and a complementary data-based register of texts.Keywords: academy dictionaries, collection of quotations, conception, dictionary, dictionary entries, dictionary planning, dictionary styles, dictionary users, grimm's dictionary, history of dictionaries, thesauru

Passive Activities: An Explanation of Legislation and Real Estate Tax Planning Strategies

Tax shelters were a sought-after investment in the early and mid 1980\u27s and stil are today. Investments in real estate were commonly tax-shelter type investments. Real estate investments allowed investors to make capital investments up front and depreciate the property quickly, which resulted in losses that would reduce taxable income. However, the passive activity regulations activated through the Tax Reform Act of 1986 minimized the usefulness of these shelters and significantly affected the real estate industry. The passive laws were refined through regulations issued in 1988 and 1989, and the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1993. The passive classification losses from passive activities to restricted the recognition of passive losses to taxpayers who had passive income. Even though passive activity legislation limited the real estate industry\u27s options, tax planning strategies can neutralize the effects of the legislation

Creating Community With Homeless and Marginally Housed Women

The purpose of this project is to create a weekly Drop-In Center where Homeless and Marginally Housed (HMH) women receive support, respite, and respect in a safe, welcoming environment. Homeless and Marginally Housed (HMH) women have unique needs due to daily struggles with disenfranchisement which include barriers to health services, battering, poor transportation, lack of recreation and education, neglect, and institutionalized poverty. The impetus for the Drop-In Center was to offer respite from the harsh environment created by the institutionalized violence against HMH women who deserve significant emotional and social support, nutrition, and respite. The transculrural nurse will be focused on delivering culturally competent care to the women who arrive at the Drop-In Center. The Drop-In Center provides a way the women can regain some power over their circumstances by offering listening skills, levity, and resources. The nurse\u27s understanding of Rosemarie Rizzo Parse\u27s human becoming theory drives the exchanges within the relationships at the Drop-In Center giving prominence to the women\u27s understandings of their own journeys of health and wellbeing

Determining the population structures of cubozoan jellyfishes with biophysical modelling

Jodie Schlaefer studied box jellyfish. She found that self-contained stocks were separated by only tens of kilometers, challenging the paradigm that jellyfish populations are well mixed over large distances. The occurrence of box jellyfish is unpredictable because their abundance is influenced by conditions at the small spatial scale of stocks