Earthquake-induced landslides in Haiti: analysis of seismotectonic and possible climatic influences

peer reviewedAbstract. First analyses of landslide distribution and triggering factors are presented for the region affected by the 14 August 2021 earthquake (Mw=7.2) in the Nippes Department, Haiti. Landslide mapping was mainly carried out by comparing pre- and post-event remote imagery (∼0.5–1 m resolution) available on Google Earth Pro® and Sentinel-2 (10 m resolution) satellite images. The first covered about 50 % of the affected region (for post-event imagery and before completion of the map in January 2022), and the latter were selected to cover the entire potentially affected zone. On the basis of the completed landslide inventory, comparisons are made with catalogs compiled by others both for the August 2021 and the January 2010 seismic events, including one open inventory (by the United States Geological Survey) that was also used for further statistical analyses. Additionally, we studied the pre-2021 earthquake slope stability conditions. These comparisons show that the total number of landslides mapped for the 2021 earthquake (7091) is larger than the one recently published by another research team for the same event but slightly smaller than the number of landslides mapped by a third research team. It is also clearly smaller than the one observed by two other research teams for the 2010 earthquake (e.g., 23 567, for the open inventory). However, these apparently fewer landslides triggered in 2021 cover much wider areas of slopes (>80 km2) than those induced by the 2010 event (∼25 km2 – considering the open inventory). A simple statistical analysis indicates that the lower number of 2021 landslides can be explained by the missing detection of the smallest landslides triggered in 2021, partly due to the lower-resolution imagery available for most of the areas affected by the recent earthquake; this is also confirmed by an inventory completeness analysis based on size–frequency statistics. The much larger total area of landslides triggered in 2021, compared to the 2010 earthquake, can be related to different physical reasons: (a) the larger earthquake magnitude in 2021, (b) the more central location of the fault segment that ruptured in 2021 with respect to coastal zones, (c) and possible climatic preconditioning of slope instability in the 2021 affected area. These observations are supported by (1) a new pre-2021 earthquake landslide map; (2) rainfall distribution maps presented for different periods (including October 2016 – when Hurricane Matthew had crossed the western part of Haiti), covering both the 2010 and 2021 affected zones; and (3) shaking intensity prediction maps

Reading Across Cultures: Global Narratives, Hotels and Railway Stations

This is the final version of the article. Available from Springer Verlag via the DOI in this record.This article takes its cue from the English critic, novelist and painter John Berger. He argues that what we know determines what we see. Hotels and railway stations, though they differ in size, design and appearance, are places of temporary national and international congress that are recognized by everyone. They become visible or even iconic once their history or their role is turned into at least part of a wider narrative—in literature, film or in other arts. This provides a representative focus by which we may read a city’s or a nation’s past. In exemplifying such connections I focus first on the long-term history of Friedrichstraße station and some of the surrounding hotels in the context of the history of Berlin, situating them within the national and, by implication, also the international context. Secondly, I will consider the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 as an event in which the role of railway stations generated both personal and collective memories across cultures and over several decades

Verschiebebahnhof Europa: Joseph B. Schechtmans und Eugene M. Kulischers Pionierarbeiten

Rezensionen zu: 1) Schechtman, Joseph B.: European Population Transfers 1939-1945. New York: Oxford University Press 1946 2) Schechtman, Joseph B.: Postwar Population Transfers in Europe 1945-1955. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press 1962 3) Kulischer, Eugene M.: Europe on the Move. War and Population Changes, 1917–1947. New York: Columbia University Press 194

Jenseits von Marienborn oder: Kalter Krieg privat

Das Ende des Kalten Krieges oder wie man alt wird. Man wird unwillkürlich zum Historiker der Zeit, deren Zeitgenosse man gewesen ist. Eine Epoche ist zu Ende gegangen, und wenn man diese beschreibt, beschreibt man zugleich auch ein Stück des eigenen Lebens, und umgekehrt: Das individuelle Leben fällt mit der historischen Zeit zusammen. Das hat nichts mit Selbstliebe oder Selbstüberschätzung zu tun. Man merkt es, wenn man mit jungen Leuten zusammen ist, mit denen man über Ereignisse spricht, die vor ihrer Geburt liegen, die man selbst aber miterlebt hat. Man berichtet aus der eigenen Zeit, die ihre Vorzeit ist. Es ist lohnend, sich dieser Zeit genau zu erinnern. Die subjektive Erinnerung bewahrt Details, Nuancen, Valeurs, die im Betrieb der Geschichtsforschung entweder gar nicht vorkommen oder später, wenn man deren Fehlen bemerkt, mühsam rekonstruiert werden müssen

Kharkiv: Topographies of Twentieth-Century Violence

Kharkiv is Ukraine’s second-largest city after Kyiv, and one dares not imagine what would happen to it if it were drawn into the war that has already laid waste to Luhansk and Donetsk, cities that are a mere two hours away by train. In Kharkiv in the summer of 2014, rocket fire, house-to-house fighting, and ravaged infrastructure seem distant troubles. Travellers throng the square outside the railway station, and Sumska Street, the local Kurfürstendamm or Nevskiy Prospekt and artery connectin..