Perioperative use of antibiotics in full-thickness rectal biopsies for Hirschsprung’s disease

Background: There is no consensus on the use of perioperative antibiotic in full-thickness rectal biopsies (FTB) in children suspected for Hirschsprung disease. The primary objective of this study was to examine the effect of perioperative antibiotics on infectious and overall complications rate in FTB performed in children under the age of 1 year. Methods: A retrospective chart review. Two time periods were compared—one with and one without the routine use of perioperative antibiotics. The treatment included cefuroxime 100 mg/kg and metronidazole 20 mg/kg administered intravenously at anesthesia induction followed by peroral administration of amoxicillin 50 mg/kg with Clavulanic acid 12.5 mg/kg three times a day t.i.d. for 3 days postoperative. Results: In the group with perioperative antibiotics the infectious complications rate was 3.3% compared to 13.4% in the group without (p = 0.03) with fever as the most common. The overall complication rate was 11.3% and 15.2%, respectively (p = 0.43). Conclusion: Perioperative antibiotics significantly reduced the rate of infectious complications, but not the rate of overall complication rate after a full thickness rectal biopsy in children under the age of 1 year.</p

O papel do “Mineral Resources Expert Group” dos EuroGeoSurveys no contexto mineral Europeu

ABSTRACT: Europe shows an inevitably growing and accelerating consumption of mineral commodities and the high import dependence of strategic and critical raw materials has a serious impact on the sustainability of the EU manufacturing industry. The European Commission has long recognized the challenge of sustainable supply of mineral raw materials and steps are implemented to try to deal with this. In this context, EuroGeoSurveys and its Mineral Resources Expert Group (MREG) serve as one of the contact points for the Commission. The MREG is a group of earth scientists, experts in Economic Geology that act under the umbrella body of EuroGeoSurveys. The group acts upon requests and queries received by member states and the European Commission and provides the best available mineral expertise and information based on the knowledge of member Geological Surveys, for policy, communication, public awareness and education purposes at European level.RESUMO: A Europa mostra um inevitável e acelerado aumento de consumo de recursos minerais. A alta dependência das importações de matérias-primas estratégicas e críticas tem um forte impacto na sustentabilidade da indústria transformadora da UE. A produção de muitas matérias primas depende apenas de alguns países. O desafio do abastecimento sustentável tem sido reconhecido pela Comissão Europeia e foram implementadas etapas no sentido de tal ser assegurado. Neste contexto, o EuroGeoSurveys e o seu Grupo de Peritos em Recursos Minerais (MREG) servem como um dos pontos de contacto para a Comissão. O MREG dos EuroGeoSurveys é um grupo de Geocientistas, especialistas em Geologia Económica que trabalham sobre a tutela dos EuroGeoSurveys. O grupo atua com base em solicitações e consultas recebidas pelos Estados membros e pela Comissão Europeia e fornece os melhores conhecimentos e informações disponíveis com base no conhecimento geológico dos recursos minerais, nas esferas da política, e de comunicação, conscientização pública e educação a nível europeu.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Virulence Factors for Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, Denmark1

We present an analysis of strain and patient factors associated with the development of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) among Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) patients registered in Denmark in a 6-year period. Of 343 STEC patients, bloody diarrhea developed in 36.4% and HUS in 6.1%. In a multivariate logistic regression model, risk factors for bloody diarrhea were the eae and stx2 genes, O groups O157 and O103, and increasing age. Risk factors for HUS were presence of the stx2 (odds ratio [OR] 18.9) and eae (OR undefined) genes, being a child, and having bloody diarrhea. O group O157, although associated with HUS in a univariate analysis (OR 4.0), was not associated in the multivariate analysis (OR 1.1). This finding indicates that, rather than O group, the combined presence of the eae and stx2 genes is an important predictor of HUS

Animal-to-Human Transmission of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104A Variant

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was isolated from a pig, a calf, and a child on a farm in the Netherlands. The isolates were indistinguishable by phenotyping and genotyping methods, which suggests nonfoodborne animal-to-animal and animal-to-human transmission. Persons in close contact with farm animals should be aware of this risk

Gut Hormones and Their Effect on Bone Metabolism. Potential Drug Therapies in Future Osteoporosis Treatment

Bone homeostasis displays a circadian rhythm with increased resorption during the night time as compared to day time, a difference that seems—at least partly—to be caused by food intake during the day. Thus, ingestion of a meal results in a decrease in bone resorption, but people suffering from short bowel syndrome lack this response. Gut hormones, released in response to a meal, contribute to this link between the gut and bone metabolism. The responsible hormones appear to include glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), known as incretin hormones due to their role in regulating glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin release in response to food intake. They interact with their cognate receptors (GIPR and GLP-1R), which are both members of the class B G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and already recognized as targets for treatment of metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), secreted concomitantly with GLP-1, acting via another class B receptor (GLP-2R), is also part of this gut-bone axis. Several studies, including human studies, have indicated that these three hormones inhibit bone resorption and, moreover, that GIP increases bone formation. Another hormone, peptide YY (PYY), is also secreted from the enteroendocrine L-cells (together with GLP-1 and GLP-2), and acts mainly via interaction with the class A GPCR NPY-R2. PYY is best known for its effect on appetite regulation, but recent studies have also shown an effect of PYY on bone metabolism. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the actions of GIP, GLP-1, GLP-2, and PYY on bone metabolism, and to discuss future therapies targeting these receptors for the treatment of osteoporosis