Совершенствование системы внутреннего контроля по оплате труда в бюджетном учреждении на примере БУ РА «Управление социальной поддержки населения Улаганского района»

Объектом исследования является Бюджетное учреждение Республики Алтай "Управление социальной поддержки населения Улаганского района". Целью магистерской диссертации является разработка направлений совершенствования организации системы внутреннего контроля по оплате труда в Бюджетном учреждении Республики Алтай "Управление социальной поддержки населения Улаганского района". В результате исследования была разработана методика внедрения организации системы внутреннего контроля по оплате труда в БУ РА "УСПН Улаганского района".The object of this research is the Budgetary institution of the Altai Republic "Department of social support of the population of the Ulagan district". The purpose of this master's thesis is to develop ways for improving the organization of the internal control system for wages in the Budgetary institution of the Altai Republic "Department of social support of the population of the Ulagan district". As a result of the studies have been formulated a methodology for the implementation of internal control on wages in the Budgetary institution of the Altai Republic "Department of social support of the population of the Ulagan district"

The Mobility of Chondroitin Sulfate in Articular and Artificial Cartilage Characterized by C-13 Magic-Angle Spinning NMR Spectroscopy

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)We have studied the molecular dynamics of one of the major macromolecules in articular cartilage, chondroitin sulfate. Applying C-13 high-resolution magic-angle spinning NMR techniques, the NMR signals of all rigid macromolecules in cartilage can be suppressed, allowing the exclusive detection of the highly mobile chondroitin sulfate. The technique is also used to detect the chondroitin sulfate in artificial tissue-engineered cartilage. The tissue-engineered material that is based on matrix producing chondrocytes cultured in a collagen gel should provide properties as close as possible to those of the natural cartilage. Nuclear relaxation times of the chondroitin sulfate were determined for both tissues. Although T-1 relaxation times are rather similar, the T-2 relaxation in tissue-engineered cartilage is significantly shorter. This suggests that the motions of chondroitin sulfate in data:rat and artificial cartilage different. The nuclear relaxation times of chondroitin sulfate in natural and tissue-engineered cartilage were modeled using a broad distribution function for the motional correlation times. Although the description of the microscopic molecular dynamics of the chondroitin sulfate in natural and artificial cartilage required the identical broad distribution functions for the correlation times of motion, significant differences in the correlation times of motion that are extracted from the model indicate that the artificial tissue does not fully meet the standards of the natural ideal. This could also be confirmed by macroscopic biomechanical elasticity measurements. Nevertheless, these results suggest that NMR is a useful tool for the investigation of the quality of artificially engineered tissue. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 520-532, 2010.936520532DFG [HU 720/7-1]German Academic Exchange ServiceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)DFG [HU 720/7-1]FAPESP [JP-05/59571-0

The Order–Disorder Transition in Graft Block Copolymers

The order–disorder transitions of diblock copolymers grafted to a common backbone were examined by oscillatory shear rheology and small-angle X-ray scattering. The effect of grafting density, graft molecular weight, number of grafts, and backbone dispersity were studied using poly­[(styrene-<i>alt</i>-<i>N</i>-hydroxy­ethylmaleimide)-<i>random</i>-(styrene-<i>alt</i>-<i>N</i>-ethylmaleimide)]-<i>graft</i>-poly­(4-methyl­caprolactone-<i>block</i>-d,l-lactide) [PSHE-<i>g</i>-(P4MCL-PLA)] as a model graft block copolymer. At high grafting densities (25–50%), the order–disorder temperature (<i>T</i>_ODT) of the graft polymers was nearly identical to the analogous linear diblock. At lower grafting densities (<25%), the <i>T</i>_ODT was found to systematically decrease. The number of grafts did not significantly change the value of the <i>T</i>_ODT; however, increasing the number of grafts resulted in broad, ill-defined transitions. Backbone dispersity was found to have little impact on the <i>T</i>_ODT. Ordered morphologies were imaged by transmission electron microscopy. Long-range order was observed in polymers with at least 10 grafts/chain