Efficiency of treatment of laryngopharyngeal reflux with proton pump inhibitors depending on the <i>CYP2C19</i> polymorphism

Introduction. A treatment for LFR for many years, the superiority of PPIs over placebos is still controversial. Of particular clinical importance is the metabolic rate of PPIs in hepatocytes using the cytochrome P450 system with the participation of the isoenzyme CYP2C19 and partially CYP3A4Аim. We set a goal to study the efficacy of omeprazole 20 mg in the treatment of LFR symptoms without esophageal syndrome in patients with gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), depending on the polymorphism of the CYP2C19 genotype.Мaterials and мethods. After the exclusion criteria, 100 people took part in the study, 94 people completed the study.Results. According to the results, 26.6% of patients in the study group (residents of the Moscow region) with LFR symptoms without esophageal syndrome belong to fast metabolizers of CYP2C19, 4.2% to ultrafast metabolizers, 52.1% to normal metabolizers, 16% to intermediate metabolizers and 1.1% to slow CYP2C19.Conclusions. In patients with a rapid metabolism, within 1 month after discontinuation of omeprazole, it is necessary to increase the amount of omeprazole 20 mg intake up to 2 times a day in the morning and in the evening and reduce the duration of treatment to 6 weeks

Trophic Relationships and Food Supply of Heterotrophic Animals in the Pelagic Ecosystem of the Black Sea

During recent decades, the Black Sea has been affected by many negative factors that strongly changed the condition of its ecosystem. Especially trophic relationships in the Black Sea pelagic system became very vulnerable influencing the food supply, productivity and abundance of many species and populations of this marine basin. Food is one of most important link between biota and its environment. In this monograph, the role and variability of trophodynamic processes that effect the well-being (health) of main heterotrophic components of ecosystem were analysed in detail for a few key species as indicators for estimation of ecosystem condition in whole. These are most significant mass species of the Black Sea pelagic ecosystem. Among copepods this is Calanus euxinus that dominates the mesozooplankton which makes up the fodder base of planktivorous fishes. Among gelatinous these are medusa Aurelia aurita and the alien ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi and Beroe ovata which affected strongly mesozooplankton composition. Lastly among fishes the anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus ponticus and sprat Sprattus sprattus phalericus that dominate small pelagic fishery. We considered in this monograph: • Diel feeding behaviour, in situ feeding rate of Calanus euxinus and impact of mesozooplankton on primary production and phytoplankton biomass. • The effect of vertical migrations on energy budget and its components in C. euxinus; metabolic substrates used in catabolic processes under both aerobic and hypoxic conditions, the role of reserve lipids and effect of abiotic factors on individual growth and population structure of this species. • The intensity and efficiency of ingestion and energy transformation in three gelatinous species ( jellyfish Aurelia aurita, ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi and Beroe ovata) and their predatory impact on zooplankton community. • Nutritional condition and food supply of anchovy and sprat in the close interaction with natural biotic and abiotic and anthropogenic factors. • Tendencies in this interaction during long time space: since 1960 s till present years. • Estimation of population condition of these species and its long-term change. This monograph is the collective work of Ukrainian and Turkish scientists studying complex hydrobiological problems of the Black Sea. Its aim is to reveal the significance of nutritional factors on the ecology of Black Sea biota, including changes which have already occurred, as well as offering some insight into changes that may happen in the future. Our joint investigations started in the first half of the 1990s, when conditions for the close cooperation of researchers from the two countries were suitable after the collapse of the Soviet era. This spirit continues to the present day. Professor Ümit Unluata, Director of Erdemli Institute of Marine Sciences (Middle East Technical University, Ankara) was of paramount importance in organising and fostering the work undertaken. We would like to devote this monograph to the memory of him, who died so prematurely. We are also grateful to Academician Professor V. N. Eremeev, Director of the Sevastopol Institute of Biology of the Southern Sea (National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine), and to the directors of Erdemli Institute of Marine Sciences (Professor Ilkay Salihoglu, Professor Sukru Besiktepe and Professor Ferit Bingel) who also made significant contributions to the Ukrainian–Turkish collaboration. We are grateful to Dr Bill Parr from the Black Sea Ecosystem Recovery Project for his valuable efforts in improving earlier drafts. All these investigations were carried out within the framework of the following five NATO linkage-grants: • Pelagic animal food supply in the unstable Black Sea environment, • Will the new alien ctenophore Beroe ovata control the plankton community in the Black Sea? • Grazing, growth and production of Calanus euxinus in the Black Sea, • Bioindicators for assessment of Black Sea ecosystem recovery, • Adaptability and vulnerability of marine species in changing environments. And four TUBITAK - NASU joint projects: • Quantification of the recent ctenophore invader Beroe ovata impact in the Black Sea • Monitoring of the Black Sea anchovy and sprat, • Salinity tolerance as a key factor of invasion success of the copepods of Calanus genus into the Sea of Marmara, • Salinity tolerance as a key factor of invasion success of the mesozooplankton species into the Sea of Marmara. We hope that this publication will make a substantial contribution to future studies of the Black Sea ecosystem and offers further understanding of those features regulating biological processes in this unique marine basin

Social partnership approach for effective social worker education

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reserved.The topic of the paper is relevant due to the current tendency in human, or social, service to turn to partnership methods in solving human problems, protecting the interests of certain social risk groups, and defining social development strategy - everything that makes social partnership an integral component of practical work, ensures that various organizations supporting social protection work provide proper and sufficient social services and care, and is considered as foundation for professional training in this sphere. The paper presents rationale for creating and evaluating organizational and pedagogical conditions (external and internal) while providing successful university training in social work and social care. It is intended for further development of occupational education in the sphere of social work through social partnership. The organizational and pedagogical conditions distinguished by the authors are able to contribute in optimization of the system of professional education and training, and provide the opportunity to develop social partnership and interdepartmental communication with various social institutions in the educational system

Social partnership approach for effective social worker education

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reserved.The topic of the paper is relevant due to the current tendency in human, or social, service to turn to partnership methods in solving human problems, protecting the interests of certain social risk groups, and defining social development strategy - everything that makes social partnership an integral component of practical work, ensures that various organizations supporting social protection work provide proper and sufficient social services and care, and is considered as foundation for professional training in this sphere. The paper presents rationale for creating and evaluating organizational and pedagogical conditions (external and internal) while providing successful university training in social work and social care. It is intended for further development of occupational education in the sphere of social work through social partnership. The organizational and pedagogical conditions distinguished by the authors are able to contribute in optimization of the system of professional education and training, and provide the opportunity to develop social partnership and interdepartmental communication with various social institutions in the educational system

Social partnership approach for effective social worker education

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reserved.The topic of the paper is relevant due to the current tendency in human, or social, service to turn to partnership methods in solving human problems, protecting the interests of certain social risk groups, and defining social development strategy - everything that makes social partnership an integral component of practical work, ensures that various organizations supporting social protection work provide proper and sufficient social services and care, and is considered as foundation for professional training in this sphere. The paper presents rationale for creating and evaluating organizational and pedagogical conditions (external and internal) while providing successful university training in social work and social care. It is intended for further development of occupational education in the sphere of social work through social partnership. The organizational and pedagogical conditions distinguished by the authors are able to contribute in optimization of the system of professional education and training, and provide the opportunity to develop social partnership and interdepartmental communication with various social institutions in the educational system

The Influence of Parasitic Infection on the Black Sea Whiting, Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Gadidae), Morphophysiological and Biochemical Parameters

Morphophysiological and Biochemical ParametersComplex influence of infection by myxosporeans Myxidium gadi Georgevitsch, 1916; Ceratomyxa merlangi Zaika, 1966 and nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) on the morphophysiological and biochemical parameters of the Black sea whiting Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Nordmann, 1840) were studied. Significant decrease of spleenosomatic index and increase of hepatosomatic index in fish with average and high intensity of infection were found. The dependence of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities on intensity of infection was observed. Increase of superoxidismutase, catalase, glutation-S-transferase activities in fish with average and high intensity of infection and decrease of peroxidase activity in specimens with average intensity of infection were shown.Исследовали комплексное влияние инвазии миксоспоридиями Myxidium gadi Georgevitsch, 1916; Ceratomyxa merlangi Zaika, 1966 и нематодой Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) на морфофизиологические и биохимические показатели черноморского мерланга, Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Nordmann, 1840). Обнаружено снижение индекса селезёнки и увеличение индекса печени у рыб со средней и максимальной степенью заражённости. Выявлена зависимость активности антиоксидантных ферментов печени от интенсивности инвазии рыб. Показано снижение активности супероксиддисмутазы, каталазы, глутатион-Sтрансферазы у рыб со средним и высоким уровнем заражённости, повышение активности пероксидазы у особей со средней интенсивностью инвазии