Turbulence in nonabelian gauge theory

Kolmogorov wave turbulence plays an important role for the thermalization process following plasma instabilities in nonabelian gauge theories. We show that classical-statistical simulations in SU(2) gauge theory indicate a Kolmogorov scaling exponent known from scalar models. In the range of validity of resummed perturbation theory this result is shown to agree with analytical estimates. We study the effect of classical-statistical versus quantum corrections and demonstrate that the latter lead to the absence of turbulence in the far ultraviolet.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures. PLB version, improved statistics indicates Kolmogorov exponent 4/

Insightful classification of crystal structures using deep learning

Computational methods that automatically extract knowledge from data are critical for enabling data-driven materials science. A reliable identification of lattice symmetry is a crucial first step for materials characterization and analytics. Current methods require a user-specified threshold, and are unable to detect average symmetries for defective structures. Here, we propose a machine-learning-based approach to automatically classify structures by crystal symmetry. First, we represent crystals by calculating a diffraction image, then construct a deep-learning neural-network model for classification. Our approach is able to correctly classify a dataset comprising more than 100 000 simulated crystal structures, including heavily defective ones. The internal operations of the neural network are unraveled through attentive response maps, demonstrating that it uses the same landmarks a materials scientist would use, although never explicitly instructed to do so. Our study paves the way for crystal-structure recognition of - possibly noisy and incomplete - three-dimensional structural data in big-data materials science.Comment: Nature Communications, in press (2018

Republican States Bolstered Their Health Insurance Rate Review Programs Using Incentives From the Affordable Care Act.

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) included financial and regulatory incentives and goals for states to bolster their health insurance rate review programs, increase their anticipated loss ratio requirements, expand Medicaid, and establish state-based exchanges. We grouped states by political party control and compared their reactions across these policy goals. To identify changes in states rate review programs and anticipated loss ratio requirements in the individual and small group markets since the ACAs enactment, we conducted legal research and contacted each states insurance regulator. We linked rate review program changes to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) criteria for an effective rate review program. We found, of states that did not meet CMSs criteria when the ACA was enacted, most made changes to meet those criteria, including Republican-controlled states, which generally oppose the ACA. This finding is likely the result of the relatively low administrative burden associated with reviewing health insurance rates and the fact that doing so prevents federal intervention in rate review. However, Republican-controlled states were less likely than non-Republican-controlled states to increase their anticipated loss ratio requirements to align with the federal retrospective medical loss ratio requirement, expand Medicaid, and establish state-based exchanges, because of their general opposition to the ACA. We conclude that federal incentives for states to strengthen their health insurance rate review programs were more effective than the incentives for states to adopt other insurance-related policy goals of the ACA

Quantum size effect in Pb(100) films: the role of symmetry and implication for film growth

We show from density-functional calculations that Pb(100) thin films exhibit quantum size effect with a bilayer periodicity in film energies, film relaxations, and work functions, which originate from different symmetry of the stacking geometry of odd and even layer films. The bilayer periodicity of the film energy is argued to survive on a semiconductor substrate, which should allow the growth of ``magically'' thick even-layer Pb(100) films. Furthermore, it is found that the quantum well states in a simple metal film can be classified into $\sigma$-bonded and $\pi$-bonded states, which quantize independently

Accountable Care Organizations in California: Promise and Performance

California has more accountable care organizations (ACOs) than any other state in the country, with particularly rapid growth over the past two years. This report introduces new evidence that ACOs improve the quality of care, increase patient satisfaction, and may reduce costs

The steady-state of heterogeneous catalysis, studied by first-principles statistical mechanics

The turn-over frequency of the catalytic oxidation of CO at RuO2(110) was calculated as function of temperature and partial pressures using ab initio statistical mechanics. The underlying energetics of the gas-phase molecules, dissociation, adsorption, surface diffusion, surface chemical reactions, and desorption were obtained by all-electron density-functional theory. The resulting CO2 formation rate [in the full (T, p_CO, p_O2)-space], the movies displaying the atomic motion and reactions over times scales from picoseconds to seconds, and the statistical analyses provide insights into the concerted actions ruling heterogeneous catalysis and open thermodynamic systems in general.Comment: 4 pages including 3 figures, Related publications can be found at http://www.fhi-berlin.mpg.de/th/paper.htm

The stability of vicinal surfaces and the equilibrium crystal shape of Pb by first principles theory

The orientation-dependent surface energies of fcc Pb for more than 30 vicinal orientations, distributed over the [110] and [001] zones of the stereographic triangle, have been studied by density-functional theory. For bulk-truncated structures almost all vicinal surfaces are found to be unstable and would facet into (111) and (100) orientations. However, after surface relaxation, all vicinal surfaces are stable relative to faceting into (111) and (100) orientations. There are also regions of relaxed vicinal surfaces which will facet into nearby stable vicinal surfaces. Overall, surface relaxation significantly affects the equilibrium crystal shape (ECS) of Pb. In both the [110] and [001] crystallographic zones the (110), (112), (221), and (023) facets are found on the ECS only after relaxation, in addition to (111) and (100). This result is in agreement with the experimental ECS of Pb at 353 K. Step formation energies for various vicinal orientations are estimated from facet diameters of the theoretical ECS and compared with experimental data