A theory-based intervention delivered by an online social media platform to promote oral health among Iranian adolescents: a cluster randomized controlled trial

Objective: Based on the Health Action Process Approach, we tested the efficacy of a theory-based program using an online social media platform (Telegram) to promote good oral hygiene behaviour among Iranian adolescents. / Design: A three-arm randomized-controlled trial design was used, consisting of an adolescent only intervention group (A group; n = 253), an adolescent and mother intervention group (A + M group; n = 260), and a control group (n = 278). / Main outcome measures: Psychosocial variables, toothbrushing behaviour, Visual Plaque Index, and Community Periodontal Index. / Results: Increases in adolescent toothbrushing at the one- and six-month follow-ups in both intervention groups compared to the control group were observed. Adolescents in the A + M group showed significant greater improvements in their toothbrushing behaviour, Visual Plaque Index, and Community Periodontal Index scores than adolescents in the A group. Improvements to toothbrushing social cognitions were also observed. / Conclusions: Current results support the use of the theory-based program delivered by Telegram in improving good oral hygiene behaviour and oral health outcomes among Iranian adolescents. Involving mothers in an intervention can confer additional benefits for adolescent oral health

FLUXO DO COMÉRCIO INTERNACIONAL BRASILEIRO SEGUNDO O MODELO GRAVITACIONAL EM 2012

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Sócio-Econômico. Relações Internacionais.Levando-se em conta o constante crescimento do comércio mundial e a sua importância para o desenvolvimento e crescimento das economias dos países, e mais especificamente do Brasil, esse trabalho busca investigar se o modelo gravitacional do comércio exterior pode ser aplicado para o caso brasileiro para o ano de 2012. O modelo gravitacional possui um caráter empírico. Ele apresenta uma relação entre a distância entre países e o tamanho de cada um para formular uma hipótese sobre o fluxo de comércio entre os países. Seu sucesso empírico fez com que, desde 1962, inúmeros estudos fossem feitos para tentar encontrar a vinculação dos resultados empíricos com a teoria. Foi adotada para este estudo uma variação do modelo tradicional, que vem a ser a análise de um país especifico no formato Nx1. Foi também feita a inclusão de outras variáveis explicativas. Optou-se por fazer duas abordagens: a clássica – conservando somente as variáveis básicas do modelo (PIB e distância) – e um modelo expandido – que inclui o PIB per capita, e as variáveis binárias: idioma comum (português), presença de saída para o mar e a existência de acordos comercias firmados com o Brasil. As regressões foram aplicadas para as três variáveis dependentes: total do comércio, as importações e as exportações. As variáveis básicas foram significativas em todos os modelos. Já quanto as variáveis adicionais somente a existência direta de saída pra o mar é que apresentou significância. O conjunto do modelo também foi significativo para todas as seis regressões realizadas

Associations between fear of COVID-19, dental anxiety, and psychological distress among Iranian adolescents

Objectives: The present study evaluated the association of fear of COVID-19 with dental anxiety, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress), as well as exploring the mediating role of dental anxiety in the association of fear of COVID-19 with OHRQoL and psychological distress. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents in high schools of Qazvin city (Iran) from March-June 2021, recruited through a two-stage cluster sampling method. All the adolescents completed a self-administered survey assessing (i) fear of COVID-19, (ii) depression, anxiety and stress, (iii) OHRQoL, and (iv) dental anxiety. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate all the hypothesised associations, and the model fit was estimated. Results: A total of 2429 adolescents participated in the study. The conceptual model fitted the data well. Fear of COVID-19 had a direct effect on dental anxiety (B = 0.316; bias-corrected bootstrapping 95% CI = 0.282, 0.349), depression (B = 0.302; bias-corrected bootstrapping 95% CI = 0.259, 0.347), anxiety (B = 0.289; bias-corrected bootstrapping 95% CI = 0.246, 0.334), stress (B = 0.282; bias-corrected bootstrapping 95% CI = 0.237, 0.328), and OHRQoL (B = −0.354; bias-corrected bootstrapping 95% CI = −0.530, −0.183). Also, dental anxiety mediated the association of fear of COVID-19 with depression, anxiety stress, and OHRQoL. Conclusions: High levels of fear of COVID-19 were associated with high levels of dental anxiety and poorer OHRQoL. Moreover, fear of COVID-19 was positively associated with anxiety, depression and stress. Increased levels of dental anxiety were also associated with increased anxiety, stress, depression, and poorer OHRQoL

Associations between fear of COVID-19, dental anxiety, and psychological distress among Iranian adolescents

OBJECTIVES: The present study evaluated the association of fear of COVID-19 with dental anxiety, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress), as well as exploring the mediating role of dental anxiety in the association of fear of COVID-19 with OHRQoL and psychological distress. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents in high schools of Qazvin city (Iran) from March-June 2021, recruited through a two-stage cluster sampling method. All the adolescents completed a self-administered survey assessing (i) fear of COVID-19, (ii) depression, anxiety and stress, (iii) OHRQoL, and (iv) dental anxiety. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate all the hypothesised associations, and the model fit was estimated. RESULTS: A total of 2429 adolescents participated in the study. The conceptual model fitted the data well. Fear of COVID-19 had a direct effect on dental anxiety (B = 0.316; bias-corrected bootstrapping 95% CI = 0.282, 0.349), depression (B = 0.302; biascorrected bootstrapping 95% CI = 0.259, 0.347), anxiety (B = 0.289; bias-corrected bootstrapping 95% CI = 0.246, 0.334), stress (B = 0.282; bias-corrected bootstrapping 95% CI = 0.237, 0.328), and OHRQoL (B = −0.354; bias-corrected bootstrapping 95% CI = −0.530, −0.183). Also, dental anxiety mediated the association of fear of COVID-19 with depression, anxiety stress, and OHRQoL. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of fear of COVID-19 were associated with high levels of dental anxiety and poorer OHRQoL. Moreover, fear of COVID-19 was positively associated with anxiety, depression and stress. Increased levels of dental anxiety were also associated with increased anxiety, stress, depression, and poorer OHRQoL

Protective psychosocial factors and dental caries in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial protective factors include dispositional and family attributes that may reduce the occurrence of dental caries. AIM: This review analysed the evidence on the relationship between protective psychosocial factors and dental caries in children and adolescents. DESIGN: Primary studies involving children and adolescents were searched in the following electronic databases: Medline, SCOPUS, LILACS, SciELO, and Web of Science. The reference lists were also screened. Protective psychosocial factor descriptors were in accordance with the salutogenic theory. The outcome was clinical measure of dental caries. Quality assessments were performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS: The final search resulted in 35 studies, including 7 cohort, one case-control, and 27 cross-sectional studies. Most studies were of moderate quality. Meta-analyses revealed that low parental internal locus of control (cohort studies: OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.20-1.64; cross-sectional studies: OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.19-1.41), high parental external chance (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.10-1.29), and high maternal sense of coherence (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62-0.93) were associated with dental caries in children. High social support (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68-0.93) and greater self-efficacy (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.12-1.22) were also associated with dental caries in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence suggests that some salutogenic factors are important protective factors of dental caries during childhood and adolescence

Eindrapport van de Global mOralHealth bijeenkomst: Georganiseerd door de Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie (WHO) en de universiteit van Montpellier

Dit is het eindrapport van de Global mOralHealth bijeenkomst georganiseerd door de Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie (WHO) en de universiteit van Montpellier. Docent Mondzorgkunde - Janneke Scheerman en lid van het lectoraat GGZ verpleegkunde - woonde deze bijeenkomst in oktober 2018 bij en droeg bij aan het rapport: https://www.inholland.nl/nieuws/be-helthy-be-mobile/ Als vervolg op de Global mOralHealth bijeenkomst wordt het mOralHealth handboek ontwikkeld, waaraan Janneke meeschrijft. In het handboek worden de procedures voor het ontwikkelen van mOralHealth interventies beschreven

The development and evaluation of a smartphone app for adolescent

Abstract: The primary aim of the dissertation was to develop and evaluate a smartphone app, the WhiteTeeth app, designed to promote good oral health behaviour and oral hygiene among adolescent orthodontic patients between the ages of 12 and 16. The app's development and evaluation was guided methodically by intervention mapping (IM). Development thus starts with an analysis of the health problem and the identification of the psychosocial factors and health behaviour related to it. To identify the psychosocial factors underlying oral health behaviour in our target group, a systematic literature review with meta-analysis was conducted,a cross-sectional clinical study and semi-structured interviews. Then, to target these psychosocial factors and facilitate continuous behavioural support, various behaviour-changing techniques were incorporated into the app. The app provides feedback on users' oral health behaviour and allows users to evaluate and monitor their behaviour. Finally, a randomised controlled trial was conducted. This showed that the app had improved oral hygiene in adolescent orthodontic patients after 12 weeks