Zusammenarbeit von Intensivmedizin und Palliativmedizin

Hintergrund Die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zwischen Intensivmedizin und Palliativmedizin kann die Versorgungsqualität verbessern. Das Ausmaß dieser Zusammenarbeit ist aber bisher kaum untersucht. Ziel der Arbeit Es sollten die angebotenen und in Anspruch genommenen palliativmedizinischen Unterstützungsangebote auf den Intensivstationen deutscher onkologischer Spitzenzentren erfasst werden. Material und Methoden Durchgeführt wurde eine quantitativ-qualitative, deskriptive Umfrage an den 16 von der Stiftung Deutsche Krebshilfe geförderten Zentren. Die im quantitativen Teil erfragten Häufigkeiten werden als Mittelwert und Median mit den jeweiligen Streumaßen dargestellt, während die im qualitativen Teil erhobenen Triggerfaktoren mit einer Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring ausgewertet wurden. Ergebnisse Von Juli bis August 2017 konnten Angaben aus 15 von 16 onkologischen Spitzenzentren (94 %) erfasst werden. Im Jahr 2016 wurden im Median 33 Intensivpatienten (Min. 0, Max. 100) palliativmedizinisch vorgestellt und 9 Patienten (Min. 1, Max. 30) auf eine Palliativstation verlegt. Regelmäßige intensivmedizinisch-palliativmedizinische Visiten sowie ein Screening-Tool zur Einbindung der spezialisierten Palliativmedizin sind an zwei onkologischen Spitzenzentren implementiert. Anhand von 23 genannten Triggern, die auf der Intensivstation eine palliativmedizinische Mitbehandlung ausgelöst haben, lassen sich nach qualitativer Analyse die drei Kategorien „Entscheidung und Einstellung des Teams“, „Zustand des Patienten“ und „Wunsch von Patienten und Angehörigen“ ableiten. Diskussion Trotz eines verfügbaren Angebots werden palliativmedizinische Ressourcen in den intensivmedizinischen Abteilungen der onkologischen Spitzenzentren immer noch selten genutzt. In die tägliche Routine integrierte Angebote wie Screening-Tools oder gemeinsame Visiten könnten die Ausnutzung der angebotenen palliativmedizinischen Ressourcen erhöhen und die Versorgungsqualität verbessern

National strategy for palliative care of severely ill and dying people and their relatives in pandemics (PallPan) in Germany - study protocol of a mixed-methods project

BACKGROUND In the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, general and specialist Palliative Care (PC) plays an essential role in health care, contributing to symptom control, psycho-social support, and providing support in complex decision making. Numbers of COVID-19 related deaths have recently increased demanding more palliative care input. Also, the pandemic impacts on palliative care for non-COVID-19 patients. Strategies on the care for seriously ill and dying people in pandemic times are lacking. Therefore, the program 'Palliative care in Pandemics' (PallPan) aims to develop and consent a national pandemic plan for the care of seriously ill and dying adults and their informal carers in pandemics including (a) guidance for generalist and specialist palliative care of patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 infections on the micro, meso and macro level, (b) collection and development of information material for an online platform, and (c) identification of variables and research questions on palliative care in pandemics for the national pandemic cohort network (NAPKON). METHODS Mixed-methods project including ten work packages conducting (online) surveys and qualitative interviews to explore and describe i) experiences and burden of patients (with/without SARS-CoV-2 infection) and their relatives, ii) experiences, challenges and potential solutions of health care professionals, stakeholders and decision makers during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The work package results inform the development of a consensus-based guidance. In addition, best practice examples and relevant literature will be collected and variables for data collection identified. DISCUSSION For a future \textquotedblpandemic preparedness\textquotedbl national and international recommendations and concepts for the~care of severely ill and dying people are necessary considering both generalist and specialist palliative care in the home care and inpatient setting

Zusammenarbeit von Intensivmedizin und Palliativmedizin

Background!#!For intensive care patients with limited life expectancy the integration of palliative care in intensive care may be beneficial. However, little is known about the extent of this interdisciplinary collaboration.!##!Objectives!#!The support given by palliative medicine in German oncological centers and used by the intensive care units should be recorded.!##!Material and methods!#!A descriptive survey was conducted in all of the 16 Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCC) funded by German Cancer Aid. The questionnaires were sent to the head of department of the CCCs' specialized palliative care teams. Data were collected for the year 2016. Quantitative data were analysed to establish frequencies, given as mean and median. A qualitative section asked for trigger factors, i.e., patient characteristics triggering a palliative care consultation. Evaluation was inductively carried out by content analysis according to Mayring.!##!Results!#!Data from 15 of the 16 CCCs (94%) were obtained between July and August 2017. In 2016, the median of intensive care patients with palliative care consultations was 33 (minimum 0, maximum 100). The median of nine patients were transferred from an intensive care unit to a palliative care unit (minimum 1, maximum 30). Multidisciplinary ward rounds by both intensive and palliative care staff were available in two CCCs on a regular basis. Two CCCs implemented screening tools to integrate specialized palliative care into intensive care. From 23 responses concerning triggers, three categories were established, i.e., 'team's decision and attitude', 'patient's condition' and 'desires of patients and relatives'.!##!Conclusions!#!Palliative care is available in German CCCs. However, the degree of integration of specialized palliative care into intensive care units is low. Screening tools are available to identify patients with complex needs and to trigger a palliative care consultation. These tools, as well as joint ward rounds of intensive and palliative care staff, can improve the quality of patient centred care

Cooperation between intensive care and palliative care The status quo in German Comprehensive Cancer Centers

Background For intensive care patients with limited life expectancy the integration of palliative care in intensive care may be beneficial. However, little is known about the extent of this interdisciplinary collaboration. Objectives The support given by palliative medicine in German oncological centers and used by the intensive care units should be recorded. Material and methods A descriptive survey was conducted in all of the 16 Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCC) funded by German Cancer Aid. The questionnaires were sent to the head of department of the CCCs' specialized palliative care teams. Data were collected for the year 2016. Quantitative data were analysed to establish frequencies, given as mean and median. A qualitative section asked for trigger factors, i.e., patient characteristics triggering a palliative care consultation. Evaluation was inductively carried out by content analysis according to Mayring. Results Data from 15 of the 16 CCCs (94%) were obtained between July and August 2017. In 2016, the median of intensive care patients with palliative care consultations was 33 (minimum 0, maximum 100). The median of nine patients were transferred from an intensive care unit to a palliative care unit (minimum 1, maximum 30). Multidisciplinary ward rounds by both intensive and palliative care staff were available in two CCCs on a regular basis. Two CCCs implemented screening tools to integrate specialized palliative care into intensive care. From 23 responses concerning triggers, three categories were established, i.e., team's decision and attitude, patient's condition and desires of patients and relatives. Conclusions Palliative care is available in German CCCs. However, the degree of integration of specialized palliative care into intensive care units is low. Screening tools are available to identify patients with complex needs and to trigger a palliative care consultation. These tools, as well as joint ward rounds of intensive and palliative care staff, can improve the quality of patient centred care

Handling the desire to die– evaluation of an elective course for medical students

Abstract Background The desire to die can occur in palliative care patients with a prevalence of up to 22%. Not every desire to die is accompanied by a pressure to act, but usually by a burden that can arise from various factors. To address this burden appropriately, health care workers should be trained. Based on an evaluated course on handling the desire to die, an elective course for medical students was developed and evaluated. In order to identify the impact of the elective course’s content, a comparison of attitudes towards assisted dying with two other participant groups was conducted. Therefore, three questions from the evaluation of the elective course were used. Method Online evaluation of the elective and questions addressing attitude were assessed using a five-point Likert scale. The specific outcome-based assessment was determined using the Comparative Self-Assessment Gain. The main participant group (group 1) were students who took the elective. The additional survey on attitudes towards assisted dying included undergraduate medical students who had taken compulsory palliative care courses (group 2) and physicians who had taken an introductory course in intensive care or emergency medicine (group 3). Results Group 1 (n = 13, response rate rr = 86.7%) was very satisfied with the blended learning format (100%) and the course itself (100%). They were able to deepen their knowledge (81.0%) and train skills (71.2%) through the course. In the additional surveys, there were 37 students in group 2 (rr = 66.1%) and 258 physicians in group 3 (rr = 73.6%). Willingness to assist with or accompany the various options for assisted dying varied according to the type of assistance. Among the participants, it can be summarised that the highest willingness was shown by the students of group 2 followed by the physicians of group 3 and the students of group 1. Conclusions A course on handling the desire to die of palliative patients can deepen knowledge and train communication skills and thus support self-confidence. Dealing with the background of the desire to die, knowledge about assisted dying, but also one’s own attitudes and responsibilities can influence the attitude towards assisted dying