Post Exercise Hypotension Following Concurrent Exercise: Does Order of Exercise Modality Matter?

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 36-48, 2020. Cardiovascular (CV) and resistance training (RT) can moderate negative effects of aging, disease, and inactivity. Post-exercise hypotension (PEH) has been used as a non-pharmacological means to control and reduce BP. Few have evaluated PEH response following a bout of exercise combining CV and RT, whether or not there is an order effect, or if PEH continues when activities of daily living (ADLs) are resumed. Participants (N= 10) completed a non-exercise control, a graded exercise test (GXT), and two concurrent sessions (CVRT and RTCV). Each session was followed by a 60-minute laboratory and 3-hour ADLs PEH assessment, respectively. Two-way and Welch-one-way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to determine differences between among conditions in PEH. There was a significant interaction between BP and condition following the 60-minute laboratory measure (p= .030, ηp2= .166) and the ADLs BP assessments (p= .008, ηp2 = .993), respectively. PEH occurred following concurrent exercise conditions at minute 45 for RTCV (118 +8, p= .041; 95% CI [0.223, 17.443]) and minutes 50 (117 +9; p= .036 95% CI [0.441, 21.097]) and 55 (118 +8; p\u3c .001; 95% CI [5.884, 14.731]) following CVRT. BP was elevated during ADLs following the control session compared to the GXT, RTCV, and CVRT. Regardless of the order, concurrent exercise is effective in potentiating PEH. Elevation in BP associated with ADLs can be mitigated if exerciseis performed previously

From the Editors: A Guide for Peer Review in the Field of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(1): 1112-1119, 2018. Since its inception, the mission of the International Journal of Exercise Science (IJES) has been to engage student researchers, to provide an outlet for peer-review and possible publication of their work, and to grant an opportunity for them to gain experience as peer-reviewers. The Editors of IJES take pride in providing these opportunities for student involvement, and we are constantly seeking new and innovative ways to enhance students’ professional development. As our readership has expanded across the globe and our scope has broadened to cross many Kinesiology related disciplines, we believe it is timely to revisit the purpose of peer-review, give advice on best practices, and provide a template for reviews. Presenting these guiding principles should simplify and streamline both the review and the revision processes for students and professionals alike

A VO2max Protocol for Young, Apparently Healthy Adults

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(4): 1257-1268, 2023. The Bruce and Astrand treadmill protocols are commonly utilized when assessing maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). However, the steep grade implemented in the protocols often leads to localized muscular fatigue, potentially causing participants prematurely to terminate the test prior to reaching their true VO2max. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a Novel VO2max protocol that may be better suited for young, apparently healthy populations. The Novel protocol starts at a higher speed and lower initial grade to limit lower extremity fatigue. Fifteen participants performed the Bruce, Astrand, and Novel protocols with the following maximal values recorded from each: VO2max, maximal ventilation (VEmax), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and time to exhaustion (TTE). The Novel protocol displayed substantial agreement with both criterion protocols. Mean absolute percent error (MAPE) was less than 10% indicating that the Novel protocol is a valid measurement for VO2max values. Bland-Altman analysis revealed that the Novel protocol exhibited a low degree of bias, with tight limits of agreement when compared to the Bruce (bias ±95% LOA = 0.824 ± 3.163) and Astrand protocols (-0.153 ± 3.528) for VO2max. A paired samples t-test revealed no significant differences between Novel and criterion protocols for VO2max. Paired samples t-tests revealed that the Novel protocol had significantly lower TTE when compared to the Bruce and Astrand protocols and produced similar VO2max values to that of the Bruce and Astrand. The Novel protocol may be considered a valid and time-efficient protocol

Classifying Defects in Pallet Stringers by Ultrasonic Scanning

Detecting and classifying defects are required to grade and sort pallet parts. Use of quality parts can extend the life cycle of pallets and can reduce long-term cost. An investigation has been carried out to detect and classify defects in yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera, L.) and red oak (Quercus rubra, L.) stringers using ultrasonic scanning. Data were collected for sound and unsound knots, bark pockets, decay, holes, and wane using rolling transducers in a pitch-catch arrangement. Data from eight ultrasonic variables—energy, pulse length, time of flight (TOF)-amplitude, TOF-energy, TOF-centroid, energy value, energy pulse value, and peak frequency—were used to classify defects. Three different types of classifiers were used to categorize defects—a multi-layer perceptron network (MLP), a probabilistic neural network (PNN), and a k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier. Mean values for the energy variables demonstrated statistically significant differences between clear wood and defects and among defect types. Mean values for the TOF variables did not differ significantly between clear wood and knots. All three types of classifiers were able to distinguish defected from clear wood in oak with accuracies above 95%; accuracies for yellow-poplar were somewhat lower for the MLP and PNN classifiers. Among the defect classes, decay exhibited the highest recognition rate for both yellow-poplar and oak. Wane and holes in oak were readily confused owing to their common loss of transducer contact. Overall accuracy at the data-point level varied from 69-78%. Simple post-processing operations are expected to improve that substantially. Based on accuracy performance alone, the MLP and KNN appear equally preferable for this task

C-Reactive Protein and the Disease Analog Model May Identify Predisposed Pre-Obese African-American Women

While the obesity rate in the Unites States has been reported to have hit a plateau, the overall percentage of obese Americans remains alarmingly high (27% self-reported, 33% population estimate). While the subgroup with the highest 2010 obesity rate is Black, non-Hispanic women (41.9%), there remains a disparity in the research with regards to this population group. The implication of an elevated obese population puts a strain on health care, overall quality of life, and is associated with a number of other co-morbidities. Given this background, pilot work to evaluate a disease analog model for obesity would be useful with the potential for identifying seemingly normal-weight individuals who are most susceptible to developing obesity

Effects of a Game-Centered Health Promotion Program on Fall Risk, Health Knowledge, and Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(4): 1149-1160, 2019. Quality of life (QOL) is an important aspect of overall well-being in older adults and can be improved with increased physical activity. One in four older adults experiences a fall each year, making it necessary to focus public health interventions towards decreasing fall risk and improving QOL in older adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the health promotion program, Bingocize®, on QOL and fall risk in community-dwelling older adults (n = 36; mean age 73.63 ± 6.97). Participants were clustered and randomly assigned to (a) experimental (n = 19; participating in Bingocize® program, or (b) control (n = 17; only played normal bingo). Each group completed a 12-week intervention that consisted of two 45-60 minute sessions per week. There were no significant interactions for any of the variables, with the exception of positive affect (PA) (F (1,34) = 5.66, p = 0.02, = 0.15, power = 0.64) and handgrip strength (F (1,34) = 8.31, p = 0.007, = 0.196, power = 0.80). There was also a significant main effect for time for health knowledge. Participating in the Bingocize® health promotion program can produce a meaningful and detectable change in handgrip strength and PA in community-dwelling older adults

Acquisition Delays Affect Lymphocyte Subset Counts but not Markers of Exercise-induced Apoptosis

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(3) : 250-255, 2013. With the emergence of shared facilities, the possibility of a processing delay is increased as time on instrumentation becomes less available. The purpose of this investigation was the evaluate the effect of a 24h time delay on lymphocyte subset concentration, as well as for the apoptotic marker annexin V. Fourteen healthy individuals completed an incremental treadmill test to exhaustion, and blood samples were obtained before and after exercise. The samples were labeled in duplicate with mixtures consisting of flow cytometry staining buffer, the biomarker for early-phase cell death (annexin V), and antibodies for specific lymphocyte phenotypes (CD4, CD8, and CD19). Samples were labeled for 30-min, centrifuged, and decanted, before the addition of RBC Lysis Buffer. Upon the completion of processing, the first set of samples were immediately analyzed using flow cytometry and the remaining duplicate samples were acquired 24 h later. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test with significance accepted at the p \u3c 0.05 level. For blood draws obtained at rest, no differences between acquisition days were observed with regard to cell volume for any lymphocyte subfraction. However, blood samples obtained following an exhaustive exercise bout had significant decreases in CD4+ (p=0.002) and CD8+ (p= 0.021) concentration between acquisition days. Processing delays did not affect the number of apoptotic cells in any lymphocyte subset either at rest or following exercise. As the number of apoptotic cells was unaffected by processing, the reduction in cell concentration is likely due to mechanisms other than programmed cell death. It is possible that exercise makes lymphocytes more susceptible to necrosis during the post-activity period

Cold Nuclear Matter In Holographic QCD

We study the Sakai-Sugimoto model of holographic QCD at zero temperature and finite chemical potential. We find that as the baryon chemical potential is increased above a critical value, there is a phase transition to a nuclear matter phase characterized by a condensate of instantons on the probe D-branes in the string theory dual. As a result of electrostatic interactions between the instantons, this condensate expands towards the UV when the chemical potential is increased, giving a holographic version of the expansion of the Fermi surface. We argue based on properties of instantons that the nuclear matter phase is necessarily inhomogeneous to arbitrarily high density. This suggests an explanation of the "chiral density wave" instability of the quark Fermi surface in large N_c QCD at asymptotically large chemical potential. We study properties of the nuclear matter phase as a function of chemical potential beyond the transition and argue in particular that the model can be used to make a semi-quantitative prediction of the binding energy per nucleon for nuclear matter in ordinary QCD.Comment: 31 pages, LaTeX, 1 figure, v2: some formulae corrected, qualitative results unchange

Photons in gapless color-flavor-locked quark matter

We calculate the Debye and Meissner masses of a gauge boson in a material consisting of two species of massless fermions that form a condensate of Cooper pairs. We perform the calculation as a function of temperature, for the cases of neutral Cooper pairs and charged Cooper pairs, and for a range of parameters including gapped quaisparticles, and ungapped quasiparticles with both quadratic and linear dispersion relations at low energy. Our results are relevant to the behavior of photons and gluons in the gapless color-flavor-locked phase of quark matter. We find that the photon's Meissner mass vanishes, and the Debye mass shows a non-monotonic temperature dependence, and at temperatures of order the pairing gap it drops to a minimum value of order sqrt(alpha) times the quark chemical potential. We confirm previous claims that at zero temperature an imaginary Meissner mass can arise from a charged gapless condensate, and we find that at finite temperature this can also occur for a gapped condensate.Comment: 22 pages, LaTeX; expanded discussion of temperature dependenc

Bovine Tuberculosis in a Nebraska Herd of Farmed Elk and Fallow Deer: A Failure of the Tuberculin Skin Test and Opportunities for Serodiagnosis

In 2009, Mycobacterium bovis infection was detected in a herd of 60 elk (Cervus elaphus) and 50 fallow deer (Dama dama) in Nebraska, USA. Upon depopulation of the herd, the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (TB) was estimated at ∼71–75%, based upon histopathology and culture results. Particularly with elk, gross lesions were often severe and extensive. One year ago, the majority of the elk had been tested for TB by single cervical test (SCT), and all were negative. After initial detection of a tuberculous elk in this herd, 42 of the 59 elk were tested by SCT. Of the 42 SCT-tested elk, 28 were TB-infected with only 3/28 reacting upon SCT. After SCT, serum samples were collected from the infected elk and fallow deer from this herd at necropsy and tested by three antibody detection methods including multiantigen print immunoassay, cervidTB STAT-PAK, and dual path platform VetTB (DPP). Serologic test sensitivity ranged from 79 to 97% depending on the test format and host species. Together, these findings demonstrate the opportunities for use of serodiagnosis in the rapid detection of TB in elk and fallow deer