Electroformed screens with uniform hole size

Efficient method electroforms fine-mesh nickel screens, or plagues, with uniform hole size and accurate spacing between holes. An electroformed nickel mandrel has nonconducting silicone rubber projections that duplicate the desired hole size and shape in the finished nickel screen

Development of large-internal-surface-area nickel-metal plaques third quarterly progress report, dec. 19, 1964 - mar. 18, 1965

Electrodes impregnated with cadmium for porosity and electrochemical evaluatio

Rapid Detection of Pathogenic Fungi from Clinical Specimens Using LightCycler Real-Time Fluorescence PCR

In the study presented here a LightCycler real-time PCR system was used for the diagnosis of fungal infections from clinical tissue samples. Nine specimens were investigated from six patients with suspected or proven invasive fungal infections. Seven of nine samples were positive in a broad-range fungal PCR assay. In four samples, Aspergillus fumigatus was detected both by a species-specific hybridization assay as well as by sequencing of amplification products. In addition, the broad-range fungal PCR assay and PCR sequencing detected and identified, respectively, the following organisms in the specimens noted: Candida albicans in a culture-negative liver biopsy, Histoplasma capsulatum in a bone marrow sample, and Conidiobolus coronatus in a facial soft tissue specimen. Real-time PCR is a promising tool for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections in human tissue samples and offers some advantages over culture methods, such as rapid analysis and increased sensitivit

Validating ocean tide loading models using GPS

Abstract.: Ocean tides cause periodic deformations of the Earth's surface, also referred to as ocean tide loading (OTL). Tide-induced displacements of the Earth's crust relying on OTL models are usually taken into account in GPS (Global Positioning System) data analyses. On the other hand, it is also possible to validate OTL models using GPS analyses. The following simple approach is used to validate OTL models. Based on a particular model, instantaneous corrections of the site coordinates due to OTL are computed. Site-specific scale factors, f, for these corrections are estimated in a standard least-squares adjustment process of GPS observations together with other relevant parameters. A resulting value of f close to unity indicates a good agreement of the model with the actual site displacements. Such scale factors are computed for about 140 globally distributed IGS (International GPS Service) tracking sites. Three OTL models derived from the ocean tide models FES95.2.1, FES99, and GOT00.2 are analyzed. As expected, the most reliable factors are estimated for sites with a large loading effect. In general, the scaling factors have a value close to unity and no significant differences between the three ocean tide models could be observed. It is found that the validation approach is easy to apply. Without requiring much additional effort for a global and self-consistent GPS data analysis, it allows detection of general model misfits on the basis of a large number of globally distributed sites. For detailed validation studies on OTL models, the simultaneous estimation of amplitudes and phases for the main contributing partial tides within a GPS parameter adjustment process would provide more detailed answer

The CODE ambiguity-fixed clock and phase bias analysis products: generation, properties, and performance

The generation and use of GNSS analysis products that allowparticularly for the needs of single-receiver applicationsprecise point positioning with ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR) are becoming more and more popular. A general uncertainty concerns the question on how the necessary phase bias information should be provided to the PPP-AR user. Until now, each AR-enabling clock/bias representation method had its own practice to provide the necessary bias information. We have generalized the observable-specific signal bias (OSB) representation, as introduced in Villiger (J Geod 93:14871500, 2019) originally exclusively for pseudorange measurements, to carrier phase measurements. The existing common clock (CC) approach has been extended in a way that OSBs allowing for flexible signal and frequency handling between multiple GNSS become possible. Advantages of the proposed OSB-based PPP-AR approach are: GNSS biases can be provided in a consistent way for phase and code measurements and it is capable of multi-GNSS and suitable for standardization. This new, extended PPP-AR approach has been implemented by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE). CODE clock products that adhere to the integer-cycle property have been submitted to the International GNSS Service (IGS) since mid of 2018 for three analysis lines: Rapid, Final, and MGEX (Multi-GNSS Extension). Ambiguity fixing is performed not only for GPS but also for Galileo. The integer-cycle property of between-satellite clock differences is of fundamental importance when comparing satellite clock estimates among various analysis lines, or at day boundaries. Both kinds of comparisons could be exploited at a very high level of consistency. Any retrieved comparison essentially indicated a standard deviation for between-satellite clocks from CODE of the order of 5 ps (1.5 mm in range). Finally, the integer-cycle property that may be recovered between the CODE Final clock and the accompanying bias product of consecutive daily sessions (using clock estimates additionally provided for the second midnight epoch) allows us to deduce GPS satellite clock and phase bias information that is consistent and continuous with respect to carrier phase observation data over two, three, or, in principle, yet more days. Phase-based clock densification from initially estimated integer-cycle-conform clock corrections at intervals of 300 s to 30 s (5 s in case of our Final clock product) is a matter of particular interest. Based on direct product comparisons and GRACE K-band ranging (KBR) data analysis, the quality of accordingly densified clock corrections could be confirmed to be on a level similar to that of of “anchor” (300s) clock corrections

Fixação biológica de nitrogênio em guandu (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp cv. BRS Mandarim) inoculada com estirpes de Bradyrhizobium spp. na presença ou ausência de tratamento com fungicida.

A avaliação da eficiência da fixação biológica de nitrogênio é um processo prioritário durante o melhoramento genético para obtenção de novas cultivares de leguminosas. A cultivar de guandu Mandarim foi desenvolvida para uso como recurso forrageiro e também para a rotação de culturas com a cana-de-açúcar. Destaca-se pela alta produtividade de forragem, retenção de folhas no inverno e baixo teor de taninos. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa-de-vegetação na Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste com o objetivo de avaliar a fixação biológica de N do guandu cv. Mandarim inoculada com três estirpes de Bradyrhizobium spp. (SEMIA 6156, SEMIA 6157 e um isolado) na presença ou ausência de tratamento de sementes com fungicida. As variáveis analisadas foram: número e massa seca de nódulos, massa seca da raiz, massa seca da parte aérea, teor de N nas folhas e relação colmo:folha de plantas. Concluiu-se que as plantas que tiveram as sementes inoculadas apresentaram boa nodulação e fixação biológica de nitrogênio em relação às não inoculadas, não houve diferença entre as estirpes. O tratamento das sementes com o fungicida captan não afetou a nodulação e teor de N na maioria das combinações

Development of large-internal-surface-area nickel-metal plaques Final report, Jun. 18, 1964 - Sep. 30, 1965

Large internal surface area porous nickel metal plaques for rechargeable cadmium electrodes to improve nickel-cadmium batterie