Gottfried Köthe (25.12.1905 - 30.4.1989)

Nachruf auf den Mathematiker Gottfried Köthe, vorgetragen in der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften 1990

A spin-wave frequency doubler by domain wall oscillation

We present a new mechanism for spin-wave excitation using a pinned domain wall which is forced to oscillate at its eigenfrequency and radiates spin waves. The domain wall acts as a frequency doubler, as the excited spin waves have twice the frequency of the domain wall oscillation. The investigations have been carried out using micromagnetic simulations and enable the determination of the main characteristics of the excited spin-waves such as frequency, wavelength, and velocity. This behavior is understood by the oscillation in the perpendicular magnetization which shows two anti-nodes oscillating out of phase with respect to each other.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Laying Eyes on Headlights: Eye Movements Suggest Facial Features in Cars

Humans’ proneness to see faces even in inanimate structures such as cars has long been noticed, yet empirical evidence is scarce. To examine this tendency of anthropomorphism, participants were asked to compare specific features (such as the eyes) of a face and a car front presented next to each other. Eye movement patterns indicated on which visual information participants relied to solve the task and clearly revealed the perception of facial features in cars, such as headlights as eyes or grille as nose. Most importantly, a predominance of headlights was found in attracting and guiding people’s gaze irrespective of the feature they were asked to compare – equivalent to the role of the eyes during face perception. This response to abstract configurations is interpreted as an adaptive bias of the respective inherent mechanism for face perception and is evolutionarily reasonable with regard to a »better safe than sorry« strategy

Barriadas desplazadas y programas de renovación urbana: un análisis del nuevo frente costero de Encarnación, Paraguay

En el presente artículo se hace un análisis socioespacial de la transformación urbana que ha tenido lugar en la ciudad de Encarnación (Paraguay), fronteriza con la ciudad de Posadas, Argentina, a la luz de los grandes cambios ocurridos en el frente fluvial de la ciudad debido a la central hidroeléctrica Yacyretá, construida por ambos países. Se lleva a cabo un análisis descriptivo y documental de cómo, a partir del papel que desempeñaron las obras complementarias de tratamiento costero y los agentes inmobiliarios y de desarrollo local, surgieron nuevos procesos urbanos que configuraron el territorio. Se concluye que el patrón tradicional de segregación de la ciudad se está modificando a partir del desplazamiento de la población, la construcción de grandes obras y la revalorización del nuevo frente costero.This article presents a sociospacial analysis of the urban transformation that has occurred in the Paraguayan city of Encarnación, which sits across the border from Posadas, Argentina, in the light of the significant changes to the city’s riverfront resulting from the Yacyretá hydroelectric plant, built jointly by the two countries. A descriptive and documentary analysis is conducted on how complementary coastal development works and real estate and local development agents played a role in the emergence of new urban processes that shaped the territory. It can be concluded that the city’s traditional segregation pattern is changing because of population displacement, the construction of large infrastructure projects and the revaluation of the new waterfront.Cet article est consacré à une analyse socio-spatiale de la transformation urbaine qui a eu lieu dans la ville d'Encarnación (Paraguay), limitrophe de la ville de Posadas, en Argentine, à la lumière des profonds changements qui se sont produits sur le front fluvial de la ville en raison de la centrale hydroélectrique de Yacyretá, construite par les deux pays. Les auteurs procèdent à une analyse descriptive et documentaire de l'apparition de nouveaux processus urbains qui ont façonné le territoire, à partir du rôle joué par les ouvrages complémentaires de traitement du littoral et par les agents immobiliers et de développement local. La conclusion est que le schéma traditionnel de ségrégation de la ville est en pleine mutation en raison du déplacement de la population, de la construction de grands ouvrages et de la revalorisation du nouveau front de mer.Fil: Brites, Walter Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Estudios Sociales y Humanos. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Estudios Sociales y Humanos; ArgentinaFil: Czeraniuk, Nadia. Universidad Autónoma de Encarnación; ParaguayFil: Denias, Matias. Universidad Autónoma de Encarnación; ParaguayFil: Schaefer, Helmut. Universidad Autónoma de Encarnación; Paragua

Genetic inactivation of the Fanconi anemia gene FANCC identified in the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HuH-7 confers sensitivity towards DNA-interstrand crosslinking agents

Background: Inactivation of the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway through defects in one of 13 FA genes occurs at low frequency in various solid cancer entities among the general population. As FA pathway inactivation confers a distinct hypersensitivity towards DNA interstrand-crosslinking (ICL)-agents, FA defects represent rational targets for individualized therapeutic strategies. Except for pancreatic cancer, however, the prevalence of FA defects in gastrointestinal (GI) tumors has not yet been systematically explored. Results: A panel of GI cancer cell lines was screened for FA pathway inactivation applying FANCD2 monoubiquitination and FANCD2/RAD51 nuclear focus formation and a newly identified FA pathway-deficient cell line was functionally characterized. The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) line HuH-7 was defective in FANCD2 monoubiquitination and FANCD2 nuclear focus formation but proficient in RAD51 focus formation. Gene complementation studies revealed that this proximal FA pathway inactivation was attributable to defective FANCC function in HuH-7 cells. Accordingly, a homozygous inactivating FANCC nonsense mutation (c.553C > T, p.R185X) was identified in HuH-7, resulting in partial transcriptional skipping of exon 6 and leading to the classic cellular FA hypersensitivity phenotype; HuH-7 cells exhibited a strongly reduced proliferation rate and a pronounced G2 cell cycle arrest at distinctly lower concentrations of ICL-agents than a panel of non-isogenic, FA pathway-proficient HCC cell lines. Upon retroviral transduction of HuH-7 cells with FANCC cDNA, FA pathway functions were restored and ICL-hypersensitivity abrogated. Analyses of 18 surgical HCC specimens yielded no further examples for genetic or epigenetic inactivation of FANCC, FANCF, or FANCG in HCC, suggesting a low prevalence of proximal FA pathway inactivation in this tumor type. Conclusions: As the majority of HCC are chemoresistant, assessment of FA pathway function in HCC could identify small subpopulations of patients expected to predictably benefit from individualized treatment protocols using ICL-agents

Overview of (pro-)Lie group structures on Hopf algebra character groups

Character groups of Hopf algebras appear in a variety of mathematical and physical contexts. To name just a few, they arise in non-commutative geometry, renormalisation of quantum field theory, and numerical analysis. In the present article we review recent results on the structure of character groups of Hopf algebras as infinite-dimensional (pro-)Lie groups. It turns out that under mild assumptions on the Hopf algebra or the target algebra the character groups possess strong structural properties. Moreover, these properties are of interest in applications of these groups outside of Lie theory. We emphasise this point in the context of two main examples: The Butcher group from numerical analysis and character groups which arise from the Connes--Kreimer theory of renormalisation of quantum field theories.Comment: 31 pages, precursor and companion to arXiv:1704.01099, Workshop on "New Developments in Discrete Mechanics, Geometric Integration and Lie-Butcher Series", May 25-28, 2015, ICMAT, Madrid, Spai

Tubulin tyrosine ligase like 12 links to prostate cancer through tubulin posttranslational modification and chromosome ploidy

Prostate cancer is a common cause of death, and an important goal is to establish the pathways and functions of causative genes. We isolated RNAs that are differentially expressed in macrodissected prostate cancer samples. This study focused on 1 identified gene, TTLL12, which was predicted to modify tubulins, an established target for tumor therapy. TTLL12 is the most poorly characterized member of a recently discovered 14-member family of proteins that catalyze posttranslational modification of tubulins. We show that human TTLL12 is expressed in the proliferating layer of benign prostate. Expression increases during cancer progression to metastasis. It is highly expressed in many metastatic prostate cancer cell lines. It partially colocalizes with vimentin intermediate filaments and cellular structures containing tubulin, including midbodies, centrosomes, intercellular bridges and the mitotic spindle. Downregulation of TTLL12 affects several posttranslational modifications of tubulin (detyrosination and subsequent deglutamylation and polyglutamylation). Overexpression alters chromosomal ploidy. These results raise the possibility that TTLL12 could contribute to tumorigenesis through effects on the cytoskeleton, tubulin modification and chromosome number stability. This study contributes a step toward developing more selective agents targeting microtubules, an already successful target for tumor therapy.The European Union, The Ligue Nationale Française contre le Cancer, The Ligues De´partementales de Lutte contre le Cancer (Haut- and Bas-Rhin), The Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, The Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, The Institut National de la Sante´ et de la Recherche Me´dicale, the Cance´ropoˆle Grand-Est (Axe IV and DKFZ-CGE projects) and INCaPeer reviewe

Potentiale zur Integration von Elektrofahrzeugen in innerstädtischen Verkehrsstrukturen : Schlußbericht zum Forschungs- und Entwicklungsvorhaben FE-Nr. 70386/92 des Bundesministers für Verkehr, Bonn

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, aufgrund umfangreicher Erfahrungen aus Praxistests, welche Energie in kWh/km bisher gebaute Elektrofahrzeuge mit unterschiedlichen Batterien bei unterschiedlichen Tagesfahrleistungen verbrauchen. Die für die Ladung der Traktionsbatterien notwendigen "Stromtankstellen", unterteilt in Haupt- und Nachladestellen, können auf der Basis der vorhandenen Technik installiert werden, wobei Normungen durchgeführt und Genehmigungsverfahren vereinfacht werden sollten. Hauptladestellen werden hauptsächlich Steckdosen in Garagen und privaten Parkanlagen sein, die mit geringen Kosten installierbar sind. Durch den Ersatz von Fahrzeugen mit konventionellem Otto- und Dieselantrieb durch Elektrofahrzeuge läßt sich der verkehrsbedingte CO2-Ausstoß mindern, wenn die CO2-Emissionen bei der Bereitstellung des elektrischen Stroms geringer sind als die mit der Nutzung fossiler Treibstoffe verbundenen Emissionen. Eine Minderung der CO2-Emissionen bei der Stromemerzeugung kann insbesondere durch die Nutzung von CO2-freien Energieträgern erreicht werden. Das Forschungsvorhaben zeigt, daß Elektrofahrzeuge kaufbar sind, die Infrastruktur für ihre Energieversorgung mit der heutigen Technik geschaffen und die Energie für 2 Mio. Elektrofahrzeuge von dem heutigen Kraftwerkspark - vor allem während der Nacht - zur Verfügung gestellt werden kann