More poor kids in more poor places: children increasingly live where poverty persists

More poor kids in more poor places: children increasingly live where poverty persist

The Increasing Diversity of America\u27s Youth

This brief documents how unfolding demographic forces have placed today’s children and youth at the forefront of America’s new racial and ethnic diversity. Authors Kenneth M. Johnson, Andrew Schaefer, Daniel T. Lichter, and Luke T. Rogers discuss how the rapidly changing racial and ethnic composition of the youth population has important implications for intergroup relations, ethnic identities, and electoral politics. They report that diversity is increasing among America’s youth because there are more minority children and fewer non-Hispanic white children. Minority births exceeded non-Hispanic white births for the first time in U.S. history in 2011 according to Census Bureau estimates. Both the declining number of non-Hispanic white women of prime child-bearing and growing numbers of minority women contributed to this change as did differential fertility rates. The largest gains in child diversity between 2000 and 2012 were in suburban and smaller metropolitan areas. Yet, child diversity is geographically uneven, with minimal diversity in some areas of the country and significant diversity in other areas. They conclude that natural population increase—particularly fertility rates—will continue to reshape the racial and ethnic mix of the country, and this change will be reflected first among the nation’s youngest residents

Child Poverty Higher and More Persistent in Rural America

The negative consequences of growing up in a poor family are well known. Poor children are less likely to have timely immunizations, have lower academic achievement, are generally less engaged in school activities, and face higher delinquency rates in adolescent years. Each of these has adverse impacts on their health, earnings, and family status in adulthood. Less understood is how the experience of poverty can differ depending on the community context. Being poor in a relatively well-off community with good infrastructure and schools is different from being poor in a place where poverty rates have been high for generations, where economic investment in schools and infrastructure is negligible, and where pathways to success are few. The hurdles are even higher in rural areas, where low population density, physical isolation, and the broad spatial distribution of the poor make service delivery and exposure to innovative programs more challenging

Structure of a Chiral Cyelopentanone Precursor in Neocarzinostatin Synthetic Studies, C20H21NO3S.H20

(1E,2S,3R)-2-[(4R,5R)-4,5-Dimethyl-l,3-dioxolan-2-yl]-3-(2-naphthylthio)cyclopentanone oxime, 3//,=373.47, orthorhombic, P212121, a = 5-374 (13), b = 18.135 (3), c= 20.487 (5) A, V = 1997 (5)/~3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.24 g cm -3, Mo Ka, a = 0.71073/~, /z = 1-87 cm-1, F(000) = 792, room temperature, crystal volume 2.7 x 10 -4 mm 3, final R = 0.127 for 971 reflections with Fo2>0 out of 1131 data, R = 0.065 for 467 reflections with Fo 2 > 3o'(Fo2). Despite the small crystal size (all larger crystals were twinned), a structural solution of adequate precision was obtained. Bond distances and angles in the molecule are normal; the water molecules are hydrogen bonded in a chain along the a axis and each accepts a hydrogen bond from the oxime group and donates a weak hydrogen bond to 03 in the dioxolane group.Chemistry and Chemical Biolog

The Increasing Diversity of America's Youth: Children Lead the Way to a New Era

Children are in the vanguard of America's increasing racial and ethnic diversity. The majority of newborn babies today are among racial and ethnic minority populations, according to recent Census Bureau estimates. U.S. Census Bureau projections indicate that by 2043, non-Hispanic whites will cease to be a majority of the American population. For America's children and youth, the future is now. American diversity is fueled by differing fertility rates among racial and ethnic groups, changes in the racial composition of women of childbearing age, and immigration. Here we document how unfolding demographic forces have placed today's children and youth at the forefront of America's new racial and ethnic diversity. America's rapidly changing racial and ethnic composition hasimportant implications for intergroup relations, ethnic identities, and electoral politics

Charge Neutrality of the Color-Flavor Locked Phase from the Low Energy Effective Theory

We investigate the issue of charge neutrality of the CFL$K^0$ phase of dense quark matter using the low energy effective theory of high density QCD. We show that the local electric and color charge neutrality of the ground state in a homogeneous color superconducting medium follows from its dynamics. We also consider the situation of a spatially inhomogeneous medium, such as may be found in a neutron star core. We find that spatial inhomogeneity results in the generation of electric fields, and positrons/electrons may be present in the ground state. We estimate the concentration of charged leptons in the ground state to be $n_{e}\sim{10^2}{cm}^{-3}$ and consider their influence on the opacity of the medium with respect to the modified photons.Comment: typos corrected, this version to appear in PR

\u3ci\u3eCorrigendum to\u3c/i\u3e “Incorporation of crop phenology in Simple Biosphere Model (SiBcrop) to improve land-atmosphere carbon exchanges from croplands” published in Biogeosciences, 6, 969–986, 2009

In the above mentioned manuscript a mistake in Fig. 11 occured. The corrected version of the figure is as follows

Evaluation of Lateglacial temperatures in the Southern Alps of New Zealand based on glacier modelling at Irishman Stream, Ben Ohau Range

Climate proxy records from the middle to high latitude Southern Hemisphere indicate that a Lateglacial (15,000-11,500 years ago) climate reversal, approximately coeval with the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR), interrupted a warming trend during deglaciation. In New Zealand, some palaeoclimate proxy records indicate a cool episode during the ACR (ca 14,500-12,500 years ago), while others do not express a significant change in climate. Recently published moraine maps and ages present an opportunity to improve the palaeoclimate interpretation through numerical modelling of glaciers. We use a coupled energy-balance and ice-flow model to quantify palaeoclimate from past glacier extent constrained by mapped and dated moraines in the headwaters of Irishman Stream, a high-elevation catchment in the Southern Alps. First, a suite of steady-state model runs is used to identify the temperature and precipitation forcing required to fit the modelled glacier to well-dated Lateglacial moraine crests. Second, time dependent glacier simulations forced by a nearby proxy temperature record derived from chironomids are used to assess the fit with the glacial geomorphic record. Steady-state experiments using an optimal parameter set demonstrate that the conditions under which the 13,000 year old moraine formed were 2.3-3.2 *C colder than present with the range in temperature corresponding to a +/- 20% variance in precipitation relative to the present-day. This reconstructed climate change relative to the present-day corresponds to an equilibrium-line altitude of ca 2000 +/- 40 m above sea level (asl), which is ca 400 m lower than present. Time-dependent simulations of glacier length produce ice advance to within 100 m of the 13,000 year old terminal moraine, indicating that the chironomid-based temperature forcing and moraine record provide consistent information about past climate. Our results, together with other climate proxy reconstructions from pollen records and marine sediment cores, support the notion that temperatures during the ACR in New Zealand were ~2-3 *C cooler than today