33 research outputs found
Distortion Analysis for the Assessment of LTI and non-LTI Transmitters
Bounds on the frequency domain behavior of electrically small antennas are
adapted to assess the time domain distortion or fidelity achievable by simple
linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. Rigorous expressions for a TM
spherical shell are used as a direct analog to the well known Chu limit on an
antenna's bandwidth-efficiency product. These expressions are shown to agree
with results obtained using narrowband single resonance approximations,
allowing for the analysis of arbitrary small dipole-like structures through
bounds on their single frequency Q-factor and efficiency. The resulting
expressions are used as a basis for assessing the performance gains of
electrically small non-LTI (e.g., direct antenna modulation) transmitters for
which Q-factor and impedance bandwidth are not defined but which can be
analyzed directly in the time domain via distortion.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure
Modal analysis of radiation and energy storage mechanisms on conducting scatterers
The manifestation of radiation and stored energy by electric currents on conducting bodies is studied via modal expansions. The novel modal expansions are based on the quadratic operators which map a current distribution to each quantity. Adaptations of the continuous forms of these operators into the Method of Moments is reviewed. The discrete modal expansions are studied on several example objects, leading to conclusions regarding the sparsity of the radiation mode spectrum. Analytic forms for the sparse radiation modes on electrically small objects are derived. Negative energy current distributions are studied using the energy storage modal expansions. The role of ground plane radiation on the determination of an embedded antenna's Q factor is studied using radiation modes, giving a new perspective on the convergence behavior of this parameter with respect to ground plane size. Leveraging the invariance of radiation modes on small objects, an example procedure for the design of an embedded antenna array using radiation modes is presented
Optimal Planar Electric Dipole Antenna
Considerable time is often spent optimizing antennas to meet specific design
metrics. Rarely, however, are the resulting antenna designs compared to
rigorous physical bounds on those metrics. Here we study the performance of
optimized planar meander line antennas with respect to such bounds. Results
show that these simple structures meet the lower bound on radiation Q-factor
(maximizing single resonance fractional bandwidth), but are far from reaching
the associated physical bounds on efficiency. The relative performance of other
canonical antenna designs is compared in similar ways, and the quantitative
results are connected to intuitions from small antenna design, physical bounds,
and matching network design.Comment: 10 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables, 4 boxe
Iterative Calculation of Characteristic Modes Using Arbitrary Full-wave Solvers
An iterative algorithm is adopted to construct approximate representations of
matrices describing the scattering properties of arbitrary objects. The method
is based on the implicit evaluation of scattering responses from iteratively
generated excitations. The method does not require explicit knowledge of any
system matrices (e.g., stiffness or impedance matrices) and is well-suited for
use with matrix-free and iterative full-wave solvers, such as FDTD, FEM, and
MLFMA. The proposed method allows for significant speed-up compared to the
direct construction of a full transition matrix or scattering dyadic. The
method is applied to the characteristic mode decomposition of arbitrarily
shaped obstacles of arbitrary material distribution. Examples demonstrating the
speed-up and complexity of the algorithm are studied with several commercial
software packages.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, 2 algorithm