GA3 and CPPU application on 'Itália' grapes grown in Porto Feliz-SP

A videira 'Itália' (Vitis vinifera L.) é a cultivar de uva fina para mesa mais consumida no Brasil. A qualidade dos cachos é uma característica fundamental, sendo o tamanho das bagas o componente mais valorizado pelos consumidores. Uma das alternativas para incrementar a qualidade das bagas é o uso de biorreguladores. Avaliaram-se, em três ciclos de produção, os efeitos de doses de ácido giberélico (AG3) isolado e associado com forchlorfenuron (CPPU), na qualidade dos cachos de uva Itália produzida em Porto Feliz-SP. A aplicação dos biorreguladores foi realizada aos 25 dias após o florescimento, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 4X4 (zero, 10; 20 e 30 mg L-1 AG3 X zero, 5; 10 e 15 mg L-1 CPPU), com oito repetições para o primeiro ciclo, e fatorial 3X3 (zero, 20 e 30 mg L-1 AG3 X zero, 10 e 20 mg L-1 CPPU) com dez repetições para o segundo e terceiro ciclos. A mistura de 20 mg L-1 de AG3 com 10 mg L-1 de CPPU promoveu o incremento do comprimento e do diâmetro das bagas sem prejuízo da massa dos cachos, melhorando sua qualidade, em Porto Feliz-SP. O uso de CPPU isoladamente acarretou em redução do teor de sólidos solúveis das bagas.'Itália' grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the main varieties for fresh market in Brazil. Cluster quality is determinant for commercialization and the berry size is highly valued by consumers. An alternative for improving berry size is the use of growth regulators. The effect of increasing concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) and forchlorfenuron (CPPU) applied alone or in mixtures was evaluated during three production cycles. Growth regulators were applied 25 days after flowering in the "pea berry size" phenologic stage. Experimental design was completely randomized 4x4 factorial (zero, 10, 20 and 30 mg L-1 GA3 X zero, 5, 10 and 15 mg L-1 CPPU) with eight replications for the first cycle, and 3X3 factorial (zero, 20 and 30 mg L-1 GA3 X zero, 10 and 20 mg L-1 CPPU) with ten replications for the others cycles. The application of GA3 at 20 mg L-1 associated with CPPU at 10 mg L-1 improved berry size without affecting cluster mass, leading to higher grape quality in Porto Feliz, SP. CPPU single application reduced total soluble solids content of the berries.Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES

Strawberry runners phisiology produced in conventional and suspended pots systems

A utilização de um sistema adequado para a condução das plantas-matrizes fornecedoras de mudas é de fundamental importância, tanto com a finalidade de favorecer a quantidade de mudas produzidas, como para a qualidade das mesmas; por outro lado, a disponibilidade de mudas em períodos não convencionais de plantio, através da utilização da frigoconservação, possibilita a produção de frutos na entressafra, propiciando maiores ganhos pelos produtores devido aos melhores preços alcançados. Os presentes trabalhos tiveram como objetivos comparar o sistema de produção de mudas de morangueiro convencional com o de produção em vasos suspensos, assim como avaliar a frigoconservação em mudas produzidas em sistema de vasos suspensos. Avaliaram-se a matéria seca, os teores de carboidratos nas mudas e a percentagem de sobrevivência das mesmas após o transplante para local definitivo. No primeiro trabalho, foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3x2 (três cultivares: Campinas, Pelican e Guarani; e dois sistemas de produção de mudas), com três repetições de 30 mudas; no segundo trabalho, utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco cultivares (Campinas, Dover, Pelican, Sequoia e Sweet Charlie) e nove repetições. Neste último trabalho, após a coleta, as mudas foram acondicionadas em sacos de polietileno e frigoconservadas durante 120 dias em câmara fria (-1 ± 1ºC). As mudas produzidas em vasos suspensos apresentaram maior percentagem de sobrevivência e maiores teores de carboidratos totais, com resultados semelhantes para as três cultivares estudadas. A frigoconservação de mudas de morangueiro produzidas em sistema de vasos suspensos resultou em baixa percentagem de sobrevivência de mudas no experimento.An appropriate conduction system of the plants that originate the runners has a fundamental importance, in order to favor the amount of produced plants and their quality. On the other hand, through the use of the cold storage, the availability of strawberry runners in the off season periods, makes it possible to produce during the off-season period , so that producers can get better prices for the production. These experiments were conducted in order to compare the conventional strawberry runners' production system with the runner production system in suspended pots, and also to evaluate the cold storage of strawberry runners produced in suspended pots system. It was measured the dry matter and carbohydrates contents in runners and the survival percentage when the runner was transplanted to field production areas. The first experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with 3x2 factorial outline (three cultivars: Campinas, Pelican and Guarani; and two runners production systems) with three repetitions of thirty runners each; in the second experiment, it was used the experimental entirely random design, with five strawberry cultivars (Campinas, Dover, Pelican, Sequoia and Sweet Charlie) and nine replicates, in the final experiment. After the selection, the runners were conditioned in polyethylene bags and stored under low temperatures during 120 days (-1 ± 1ºC). The runners produced in the system of suspended pots showed higher amount of total carbohydrates and higher plant survival rate. The results were similar for the three cultivars. Cold storage of strawberry runners produced in the system of suspended pots resulted in lower percentage of seedlings survival

Aplicação de AG3 e CPPU na qualidade da uva 'Itália' em Porto Feliz-SP GA3 and CPPU application on 'Itália' grapes grown in Porto Feliz-SP

A videira 'Itália' (Vitis vinifera L.) é a cultivar de uva fina para mesa mais consumida no Brasil. A qualidade dos cachos é uma característica fundamental, sendo o tamanho das bagas o componente mais valorizado pelos consumidores. Uma das alternativas para incrementar a qualidade das bagas é o uso de biorreguladores. Avaliaram-se, em três ciclos de produção, os efeitos de doses de ácido giberélico (AG3) isolado e associado com forchlorfenuron (CPPU), na qualidade dos cachos de uva Itália produzida em Porto Feliz-SP. A aplicação dos biorreguladores foi realizada aos 25 dias após o florescimento, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 4X4 (zero, 10; 20 e 30 mg L-1 AG3 X zero, 5; 10 e 15 mg L-1 CPPU), com oito repetições para o primeiro ciclo, e fatorial 3X3 (zero, 20 e 30 mg L-1 AG3 X zero, 10 e 20 mg L-1 CPPU) com dez repetições para o segundo e terceiro ciclos. A mistura de 20 mg L-1 de AG3 com 10 mg L-1 de CPPU promoveu o incremento do comprimento e do diâmetro das bagas sem prejuízo da massa dos cachos, melhorando sua qualidade, em Porto Feliz-SP. O uso de CPPU isoladamente acarretou em redução do teor de sólidos solúveis das bagas.'Itália' grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the main varieties for fresh market in Brazil. Cluster quality is determinant for commercialization and the berry size is highly valued by consumers. An alternative for improving berry size is the use of growth regulators. The effect of increasing concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) and forchlorfenuron (CPPU) applied alone or in mixtures was evaluated during three production cycles. Growth regulators were applied 25 days after flowering in the "pea berry size" phenologic stage. Experimental design was completely randomized 4x4 factorial (zero, 10, 20 and 30 mg L-1 GA3 X zero, 5, 10 and 15 mg L-1 CPPU) with eight replications for the first cycle, and 3X3 factorial (zero, 20 and 30 mg L-1 GA3 X zero, 10 and 20 mg L-1 CPPU) with ten replications for the others cycles. The application of GA3 at 20 mg L-1 associated with CPPU at 10 mg L-1 improved berry size without affecting cluster mass, leading to higher grape quality in Porto Feliz, SP. CPPU single application reduced total soluble solids content of the berries

Assessment of the recent land use change dynamics related to sugarcane expansion and the associated effects on water resources availability

In this work, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to assess the impacts of the recent sugarcane expansion dynamics on the local water availability of two Brazilian basins (Fazenda Monte Alegre - FMA; Monte Mor - MM), which have experienced different land use change trends. To mitigate the issues concerning SWAT crop growth and water balance, it was performed for both basins a comprehensive model calibration and validation processes. Based on the results for water yields in FMA basin, it was possible to concluded that the sugarcane expansion over annual crops tends to increase stream flow during dry periods and decrease peak flows. In MM basin, the water yields suggest that urban areas expansion increases the stream flow in wet months, which can possibly harm flood vulnerability. In addition to these indications, the calibrated and validated SWAT model produced in this work can also be employed for the assessment of future scenarios with respect to not only land use changes, but also climate changes19713281341CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPNão temNão temThis study was developed in the context of the projects “Integrated Sustainability Assessment of Bioethanol Production from Sugarcane in Brazil” (2011/51710-2), funded by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), and “Sugarcane Renewable Electricity” (BRA/10/G31), funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF). JEAS thankfully acknowledges the support from CNP

Sugarcane Water Footprint Under Different Management Practices In Brazil: Tiete/jacare Watershed Assessment

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)The objective of this study was to perform a thorough evaluation of the water footprint in the Tiete-Jacare Watershed, analyzing its overall situation, and formulating a constructive reduction response in the water footprint by using vinasse for fertigation. Cane yields from five sugarcane crops under two water regimes (rainfed and full irrigation by subsurface drip irrigation), combined with two N fertilization rates (zero and 150 kg ha(-1) year(-1)), were used for water footprint estimation. The water footprint scenario considered the vinasse potential for fertigation, partially replacing the average Tiete-Jacare Watershed water deficit, and limiting its application rate in 300 m(3) ha(-1). On average, the green, blue and grey water footprint found were 145, 38 and 18 m(3) Mg-1, respectively; lower values when compared to other sugarcane-producing countries. The larger fraction of green against blue water footprint confirms the importance of rainfall in the Tiete-Jacare Watershed. Nevertheless, the yield increase through fertigation practices promotes better use of the water resources showing that there is a potential for yield optimization in areas where reasonable rainfall occurs. Considering the vinasse fertigation replacing part of the necessary water volume required to implement subsurface drip irrigation on all the 9750 sugarcane hectares, the increase in rural water withdrawal due to full irrigation was only 17%, against an increase of 47% in sugarcane yield. Hence, in regions without water availability issues and with great land-use pressure, the yield intensification promoted by subsurface drip irrigation might be a way to release crop land areas. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.11245764584Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)CNPq [407258/2013-2

Nitrogen source contribution in sugarcane-inoculated plants with diazotrophic bacterias under urea-N fertigation management

Although Brazilian sugarcane crops use lower nitrogen rates when compared to other producing countries, the biological nitrogen fixation (BFN) could be performed aiming to reduce costs, since almost all nitrogen fertilization used in Brazil is imported. BFN can occur in sugarcane; however, its role in non-leguminous plants is controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the nitrogen source contribution (using N isotope N-15 technique) along a growing period in sugarcane plants under different management (diazotrophic bacteria inoculation and N fertigation rates). The natural abundance of nitrogen isotope (N-15) abundance in +1 leaves of fourth ratoon cultivar SP 80-3280 was used to indicate the comparative importance of N sources, including BFN for sugarcane nutrition. The treatments were irrigated with two levels of nitrogen fertilizer 50 and 100kgha(-1) (urea source), including a control without fertilizer, with (I) and without (NI) inoculation of nitrogen-fixing bacterias. The bacteria cocktail used consisted of five strains: Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, Herbaspirillum seropedicae, H. rubrisubalbicans, Burkholderia tropica and Azospirillum amazonense. Although the nitrogen content in +1 leaves, the above ground dry matter, cane yield and stalk sugar content expanded by increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates, no significant interactions between nitrogen-fixing bacteria inoculation and nitrogen fertilizer rates were observed. In the treatment without N fertilizer application, no differences in N-15 parts per thousand (per thousand) values between sugarcane-inoculated and sugarcane-non-inoculated sugarcane leaves was found. The temporal variation of N-15 parts per thousand in sugarcane +1 leaves indicated that nitrogen content and N-15 parts per thousand values decreased during the phenological development stages and that the main sources of nitrogen for sugarcane were from synthetic fertilizer and mineralization of nitrogen from soil organic matter213462470FAPESP – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa Do Estado De São Paulo2008/56.147-

Sugarcane drought detection through spectral indices derived modeling by remote-sensing techniques

Several indices based on satellite images have been explored to monitor agricultural drought. Despite the existence of some drought indices, no drought monitoring system for sugarcane exists. In this sense, drought detection could be useful tool to quantify losses and help with action plans. This study investigates the Landsat image potential for sugarcane drought detection by assessing the relationship between vegetation and agricultural drought indices (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), vegetation condition index (VCI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), global vegetation moisture index (GVMI), and normalized difference infrared index (NDII)). Two new indices combining near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands are proposed for sugarcane drought detection. All indices were individually and collectively compared with soil water deficit and water surplus, simulated by the climatological soil-water balance (CSWB) model. A significant correlation between spectral indices and water balance results, specifically for NDVI and VCI indices (similar to 30%), was observed. The drought detection system identification was developed by cluster analysis classifying the pixels into three distinct groups (drought, intermediate drought, and non-drought) to later be used in the discriminant analysis. This methodology showed to have an accuracy rate of 65%. However, the discriminant analysis approach was better suited for sugarcane drought monitoring when compared with individual spectral indices541679FAPESP – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa Do Estado De São Paulo2014/17090-

Tillage effects on soil physical condition and root growth associated with sugarcane water availability

We hypothesized that in-row deep tillage (DT) may improve crop resilience during dry spells through change in the soil physical/hydraulic properties, in root system development and yield. The objective of this study was to gain insight into the influence of this management on soil physical properties and root growth associated with sugarcane water availability. A three-year experiment on a sandy-clay haplustox was used for the assessment of water retention, bulk density, porosity, pressure head, temperature and plant response (yield and root system). Soil carbon stocks were also assessed in the soil profile. The treatments compared of conventional tillage (CT), which consisted of a 0.3 m ploughing followed by two disking graders with 20" discs and one light disking leveler grade, and DT, a subsoiler rod (0.8 m deep) with a rotary hoe with 16 knives to raise crop seedbed in rows. Our results reveal that DT resulted in lower bulk density and higher total porosity values than CT in most cases for the surface soil layers. Moreover, while the soil water relations did not show significant difference for total water availability, the soil water pressure head monitoring indicated a trend of more negative values under CT management, i.e., a drier condition. Additionally, DT resulted in better root system development referring to root density and root length density. However, DT resulted in lower sugarcane yield. The experiment was carried out under rainfed conditions, but rainfall distribution did not limit sugarcane production. Therefore, under the mild water stress conditions as observed in this study, the observed root biomass increase did not favor sugarcane yield187110118CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP404245/2013-7; 407258/2013-22016/09133-

Vernalização em cinco cultivares de morangueiro Vernalization on five cultivars of strawberry

A produção de morango é sazonal, e os melhores preços dos frutos são obtidos fora da estação. Buscando obter frutos fora da estação, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da vernalização em mudas de cinco cultivares de morangueiro. As mudas foram produzidas no sistema de vasos suspensos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso em fatorial 5x2x4, com cinco cultivares ("IAC-Campinas", "Dover", "Sweet Charlie", "Cartuno" e "Oso Grande"), dois tratamentos (com e sem vernalização das mudas) e quatro tempos, com quatro repetições. Para vernalização, as mudas foram levadas para câmara fria à temperatura de 10+2&deg;C e fotoperíodo de 8h de luz dia-1 durante 28 dias, e em seguida transplantadas. Foram avaliadas as percentagens de sobrevivência, florescimento, frutificação, emissão de estolhos, a massa e o número de frutos produzidos por planta. A sobrevivência de mudas não foi afetada pela vernalização. Houve efeito significativo no florescimento e na frutificação das plantas vernalizadas. O estolonamento de plantas foi mais precoce nas mudas vernalizadas. Para todas as cultivares e tratamentos, a produção de frutos foi insignificante e comercialmente inviável.<br>The strawberry production is seasonal, and the best fruit prices are obtained during the off season. Seeking to get fruits off season, this research was aimed at evaluating the effect of the seedling vernalization of five strawberry cultivars. The strawberry seedling were produced in suspended pot system. The experimental design was is completely randomized blocks with the factorial design 5x2x4, with five strawberry cultivars (IAC-Campinas, Dover, Sweet Charlie, Cartuno and Oso Grande), two treatments (with and without strawberry runners vernalization) and four times. For vernalization, the strawberry seedling was taken to cold chamber at 10&plusmn;2&deg;C, and photoperiod of 8h of light day-1 for 28 days, after this they were transplanted. The parameters evaluation were survival percentages, flower blooming, fructification, stolons emission, the weight and the number of fruits produced. The strawberry seedling survival was not affected by the vernalization. The results showed statistic differences among this treatments only on flower appearance and fructification of the vernalized plants. The runner emitions were earlier in the vernalized seedlings. For all strawberry cultivars and treatments the production of fruits was very low and the produced fruits were unsuitable for commercialization