Total hepatectomy and liver transplant for hepatocellular adenomatosis and focal nodular hyperplasia.

Extensive hepatocellular adenomatosis (HA) and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) represent a proliferation of hepatic cells that occurs most frequently in women. These lesions are uncommon in the pediatric age group, accounting for 2% of pediatric hepatic tumors, and are extremely rare in males. The etiology of HA and FNH has been correlated with the use of oral contraceptives. We report to the best of our knowledge the first series of patients treated with OLTx for HA and FNH (five cases). All these patients had lesions involving at least 90% of the hepatic parenchyma and all underwent major hepatic surgery before OLTx because of life threatening complications. One patient died in the immediate postoperative period following retransplantation for primary non-function of the first OLTx. Four out of five patients are currently alive from 4.1 to 9.6 years after OLTx. Our results justify the use of OLTx for symptomatic patients with HA and FNH who cannot be treated with conventional hepatic resections

Interesting times: a short introduction from the new editorial team of Gender and Education

Editoria

Relationships between training load, sleep duration, and daily wellbeing and recovery measures in youth athletes

Purpose: To assess the relationships between training load, sleep duration and three daily wellbeing, recovery and fatigue measures in youth athletes. Methods: Fifty-two youth athletes completed three maximal countermovement jumps (CMJ), a daily wellbeing questionnaire (DWB), the Perceived Recovery Status scale (PRS), and provided details on their previous day's training loads (training) and self-reported sleep duration (sleep) on four weekdays over a seven week period. Partial correlations, linear mixed models and magnitude-based inferences were used to assess the relationships between the predictor variables (training; sleep) and the dependent variables (CMJ; DWB; PRS). Results: There was no relationship between CMJ and training (r=-0.09; ±0.06) or sleep (r=0.01; ±0.06). The DWB was correlated with sleep (r=0.28; ±0.05, small), but not training (r=-0.05; ±0.06). The PRS was correlated with training (r=-0.23; ±0.05, small), but not sleep (r=0.12; ±0.06). The DWB was sensitive to low sleep(d=-0.33; ±0.11) relative to moderate, PRS was sensitive to high (d=-0.36; ±0.11) and low (d=0.29; ±0.17) training relative to moderate. Conclusions: The PRS is a simple tool to monitor the training response, but DWB may provide a greater understanding of the athlete's overall wellbeing. The CMJ was not associated with the training or sleep response in this population

“It’s Important, but it’s Not Everything”: Practitioners’ Use, Analysis and Perceptions of Fitness Testing in Academy Rugby League

A plethora of research exists examining the physical qualities of rugby league players. However, no research has investigated practitioners’ insights into the use, analysis and perceptions of such fitness testing data that is vital for applying research into practice. Therefore, this study aimed to examine practitioners’ (coaches and strength & conditioning [S&C] coaches) perceptions and challenges of using fitness testing and the development of physical qualities. Twenty-four rugby league practitioners were purposefully sampled and completed a semi-structured interview. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed identifying five themes (it’s important, but it’s not everything; monitoring; evaluation and decision making; motivation; and other external challenges). The theme of “it’s important, but it’s not everything” emerged as a fundamental issue with regard fitness testing and the use of such data and that physical data alone does not inform coaches decisions. There appears conflicts between coaches and S&C coaches’ perceptions and use of fitness data, identifying complexities of supporting players in multidisciplinary teams. Collectively, the findings highlight the multifaceted nature of academy rugby league and suggest that practitioners should utilise fitness testing to inform player evaluations, positively influence training and assist with decision making. Moreover, practitioners should understand the combination of factors that influence fitness testing and work collaboratively to enhance talent development strategies

Randomized trial of FK 506/prednisone vs FK 506/azathioprine/prednisone after renal transplantation: preliminary report.

FK 506 was used as a primary immunosuppressive agent in 125 cases of renal transplantation in a randomized trial comparing FK 506/prednisone with FK 506/azathioprine/prednisone. With a mean follow-up of 5.5 +/- 2.5 months, there has been a 6-month actuarial patient survival of 99% and graft survival of 88%. There is no difference thus far between the two-drug and three-drug groups, although there may be less rejection and diabetes in the three-drug group. These results suggest that FK 506 is a useful immunosuppressive agent in kidney transplantation

The within-participant Correlation between s-RPE and Heart Rate in Youth Sport

The monitoring of training load is important to ensure athletes are adapting optimally to a training stimulus. Before quanti ca- tion of training load can take place, coaches must be con dent that the tools available are accurate. We aimed to quantify the within-participant correlation between the session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) and summated heart rate zone (sHRz) methods of monitoring internal training load. Training load (s-RPE and heart rate) data were collected for rugby, soc- cer and eld hockey eld-based training sessions over a 14- week in-season period. A total of 397 sessions were monitored (rugby n = 170, soccer n = 114 and eld hockey n = 113). With- in-subject correlations between s-RPE and sHRz were quanti- ed for each sport using a general linear model. Large correla- tions between s-RPE and the sHRz method were found for rugby (r = 0.68; 95 % CI 0.59–0.75) and eld hockey (r = 0.60; 95 % CI 0.47–0.71) with a very large correlation found for soccer (r = 0.72; 95 % CI 0.62–0.80). No signi cant di erences were found between the correlations for each sport. The very large and large correlations found between s-RPE and the sHRz meth- ods support the use of s-RPE in quantifying internal training load in youth sport