Child sexul abuse: an Italian perspective

The problem of child sexual abuse is a growing reality in Italy. The experience of over 200 children seen by the SVS (Soccorso Violenza Sessuale) Centre in Milan (the first Italian large-scale study) may give more information on the European situation. This study is a retrospective study based on information contained in the files of children beneath the age of 14 seen at the SVS Centre between May 1996 and May 2003, who arrived with a suspicion of child sexual abuse. Over 80% of all cases fell within the normal-aspecific category according to Adams' 2001 classification. This first Italian survey, though not based on substantiated cases but only on cases of suspected sexual abuse, supplies a perspective on a large northern European city such as Milan. Data seem similar to those published in other non-European studies, particularly as regards clinical signs observed. Thus, the results of this study, with all their limitations, start to give a perspective on the frequency and type of child population reaching this Italian center, what the scenarios are, what signs the children present and how infrequent it is to find clinical anogenital signs concerning for sexual abuse

EPR properties of Au atoms adsorbed on various sites of the MgO(100) surface from relativistic DFT calculations

Using all electron fully relativistic DFT calculations we have computed the EPR properties of Au atoms bound to various sites of the MgO surface. Changes in g-tensor and hyperfine coupling constants provide a way to identify the gold adsorption site and to map the surface morphology by comparison of measured and calculated EPR spectra. We found a strong reduction of the isotropic hyperfine coupling constant, aiso(Au), for adsorbed gold compared to the free atom; this reduction, which is about 45% for terrace sites, is more pronounced when Au interacts with low-coordinated sites like steps, edges and corners where it is about 60%. The reduction of aiso(Au) is accompanied by a corresponding increase of the superhyperfine interaction with the surface oxygen sites, as measured by aiso(17O). Large anisotropies in the g-tensor are computed for all sites

Binding of single gold atoms on thin MgO(001) films

In the present Letter the first electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of single metal atoms on a single crystalline oxide surface are presented. For Au atoms on a MgO(001) film investigated here an analysis of the angular dependent resonance positions and the hyperfine coupling to 17O shows that the atoms are bound on top of oxygen ions on the terrace of the film. This result is in perfect agreement with scanning tunneling microscopy measurements at 5 K presented here. The measured hyperfine matrix components allow an experimental verification of the theoretically proposed binding mechanism of Au atoms on MgO. In particular, the large reduction of the isotropic hyperfine coupling constant of supported Au as compared to free atoms is not due to a charge transfer at the interface but a hybridization of orbitals and a resulting polarization of the unpaired electron

An inclusive trend study of techno-economic analysis of biofuel supply chains

Biofuels have gained much attention as a potentially sustainable alternative to fossil fuels to tackle climate change and energy scarcity. Hence, the increasing global interest in contributing to the biofuel supply chain (BSC), from biomass feedstock to biofuel production, has led to a huge amount of scientific production in recent years. In this vein, techno-economic analysis (TEA) of biofuel production to estimate total costs and revenues is highly important for transitioning towards a bioeconomy. This research aims to provide a comprehensive image of the body of knowledge in TEA evolution within the BSC domain. To this end, a systematic science mapping analysis, supported by a bibliometric analysis, is carried out on 1104 articles from 1986 to 2021. As a result, performance indicators of the scientific production within the target literature are presented to explain how this literature has evolved. Besides, thematic trends and conceptual structures of TEA of biofuel production are discovered. The results show that (i) biofuel production and consumption need promotion through tax measures and price subsidies, (ii) the development of cost-competitive algal biofuels has faced many challenges over recent years, and (iii) TEA of algal biofuels to identify commercial improvements and increase the economic feasibility is still lacking, which calls for more in-depth investigations. Consequently, current challenges and future perspectives of TEA in the BSC domain are rendered. The provided insights enable researchers and decision-makers involved in BSCs to (i) capture the most influential contributors to the field and (ii) identify major research hotspots and potential directions for further development