Oral manifestation of cleido cranial displasia

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a congenital hereditary condition caused by a dominant autosomal mutation. The orthodontic management of CCD patients is often complicated by the manifestations associated with the condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral manifestations of patients suffering from CCD. The subjects underwent a thorough clinical evaluation that examined both hard and soft tissue. The subjects also underwent an X-ray examination in order to isolate possible anomalies in the stomach region related to the condition. Case 1 presented with a bilateral cross-bite, retention of deciduous teeth, presence of supernumerary teeth and agenesis. Case 2 presented with bilateral cross-bite, retention of deciduous teeth, and the presence of supernumerary teeth. The individuals in this study represent a broad range of typical CCD manifestations and confirm the close correlation between the mutation at CBFA1 level and the presence or oral-dental alterations. An early diagnosis of CCD is essential and based on clinical manifestations, x-ray evidence and genetic tests. Diagnosing the condition can be difficult in cases where there are no evident morphological signs; however, in most cases, an alteration in the rhythm of deciduous tooth loss is immediately apparent, making a closer collaboration between dentists and geneticists fundamental in achieving early diagnosis. As stated above, the timing of the treatment is crucial in establishing a correct course of treatment that involves extractions, orthodontic surgery and the use of prosthetics

Vascular endothelial growth factor and nitric oxide synthase expression in human tooth germ development

Vascular Endothelia Growth Factor (VEGF) and Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) expression, were evaluated in human tooth germs at two different stages of embryogenesis, to clarify the role of angiogenesis during tooth tissue differentiation and growth. Seventy-two third molar germ specimens were selected during oral surgery. Thirty-six were in the early stage and 36 in the later stage of tooth development. The samples were evaluated with Semi-quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase chain Reaction analyses (RT-PcR), Western blot analysis (WB) and immunohistochemical analysis. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis showed a VEGF and NOS 1-2-3 positive reaction in all samples analysed. VEGF high positive decrease reaction was observed in stellate reticulum cells, ameloblast and odontoblast clusters in early stage compared to later stage of tooth germ development. Comparable VEGF expression was observed in endothelial cells of early and advanced stage growth. NOS1 and NOS3 expressions showed a high increased value in stellate reticulum cells, and ameloblast and odontoblast clusters in advanced stage compared to early stage of development. The absence or only moderate positive reaction of NOS2 was detected in all the different tissues. Positive NOS2 expression showed in advanced stage of tissue development compared to early stage. The action of VEGF and NOS molecules are important mediators of angiogenesis during dental tissue development. VEGF high positive expression in stellate reticulum cells in the early stage of tooth development compared to the later stage and the other cell types, suggests a critical role of the stellate reticulum during dental embryo-morphogenesis.Vascular Endothelia Growth Factor (VEGF) and Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) expression, were evaluated in human tooth germs at two different stages of embryogenesis, to clarify the role of angiogenesis during tooth tissue differentiation and growth. Seventy-two third molar germ specimens were selected during oral surgery. Thirty-six were in the early stage and 36 in the later stage of tooth development. The samples were evaluated with Semi-quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase chain Reaction analyses (RT-PcR), Western blot analysis (WB) and immunohistochemical analysis. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis showed a VEGF and NOS 1-2-3 positive reaction in all samples analysed. VEGF high positive decrease reaction was observed in stellate reticulum cells, ameloblast and odontoblast clusters in early stage compared to later stage of tooth germ development. Comparable VEGF expression was observed in endothelial cells of early and advanced stage growth. NOS1 and NOS3 expressions showed a high increased value in stellate reticulum cells, and ameloblast and odontoblast clusters in advanced stage compared to early stage of development. The absence or only moderate positive reaction of NOS2 was detected in all the different tissues. Positive NOS2 expression showed in advanced stage of tissue development compared to early stage. The action of VEGF and NOS molecules are important mediators of angiogenesis during dental tissue development. VEGF high positive expression in stellate reticulum cells in the early stage of tooth development compared to the later stage and the other cell types, suggests a critical role of the stellate reticulum during dental embryomorpho genesis

Vascular endothelial growth factor behavior in different stages of tooth germ development

BACKGROUND: Scientific studies show a possible influence of intercellular and intracellular proteins (VEGF) on the development of physiological and pathological tissue. VEGF, a key regulator of angiogenesis, it would seem essential to take action during the embryonic development of the dental germ. The purpose of the study is to investigate the importance of the enzymatic activity of VEGF through protein quantification at different stages of tooth germ development. METHODS: The quantification of VEGF protein was performed by 3 different laboratory tests: Western-blot analysis, semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis (RT-PCR) and finally immunohistochemical analysis. Cell cultures of tooth tissue examined are: endothelial cells, stellate reticulum cells, odontoblasts and ameoblast. RESULTS: The VEGF peptide seems to induce an intense cell proliferation, not concomitant with differentiation towards the endothelial line. The expression of VEGF in the inner enamel epithelium (ameloblasts) would seem to depend on the stage of differentiation, leading us to deduce that VEGF and its respective receptor are expressed in dental germ and that induce alterations not only on the vascularization, but also on the inner epithelium activation and then on dental enamel development, respectively on cap and bell stages of embryogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: In our survey, the positive expression of VEGF in all the samples examined, might suggest a fundamental role of angiogenic gene proteins during all stages of embryonic tooth development. It is also characteristic the behavior of stellate reticulum cells, with a significant reduction in VEGF action between early and late stage, which could suggest a possible role of stellate reticulum cells, which would be able to promote and maintain an adequate energy supply to the tissues during early and late stages of differentiation and proliferation

Oral tuberculosis: a tongue case report.

The authors report a case of oral tuberculosis in a 38-year-old heavy cigarette smoker man. He showed a painful, non-healing ulc er with indurated borders of the lateral surface of the tongue. No tonsil or lymph node enlargement was also noted. The medical history was not significant for systemic disease. Histopathological examination showed granulomas exhibiting a central caseinating necrotic focus, surrounded by mononucl ear cell s, epithelioid histiocytes and multi nucl eated Langhans giant cell s. A mantle of lympocytes and fibrous tissue surrounded the granulomas. Since the morphologic picture oriented for tubercoloid granulomata, a Ziehl- Neelsen staining of the tissue was performed. Chest radiography did not detect any pulmonary or nodal disease. On the bases of these results a diagnosis of oral tuberculosis was establ ished