Dimensions of National Cancer Control Programs in Different Countries: A Scoping Review

Considering the growing trend of cancer incidence and mortality in the world, regardless of the human development level, cancer control and prevention programs should be a high priority in health policies. Developing the national cancer control program is in line with these efforts. Therefore, the current review study was conducted to examine the dimensions of national cancer control programs and the strategies used in these programs. This study was conducted to investigate the dimensions of the national cancer control program of different countries. To find relevant articles, the authors searched keywords, such as National Program of Cancer Registries, Screening, Neoplasms, Cancer, and Cancer Control separately and in combination in databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct. Furthermore, the Persian equivalents of these keywords were searched in Sid, Magiran, and Civilica. Finally, full text articles related to the cancer control program in Farsi or English published from 2000 to 2020 were selected. 586 articles were identified, and finally, 19 were investigated. The dimensions of the national cancer control program differed among countries and they had used different strategies to implement the cancer control program. The National Cancer Control Program is the most logical means to achieve a significant degree of cancer control, even in cases with limited resources

Epigenetic modification with trichostatin A does not correct specific errors of somatic cell nuclear transfer at the transcriptomic level; highlighting the non-random nature of oocyte-mediated reprogramming errors

Pre- and post- implantation development. Effect of TSA treatment on in vitro and in vivo development of cloned embryos compared to fertilized counterparts. (DOCX 18 kb

Epigenetic modification does not determine the time of POU5F1 transcription activation in cloned bovine embryos.

Purpose To investigate the effect of epigenetic modification on pattern, time and capacity of transcription activation of POU5F1, the key marker of pluripotency, in cloned bovine embryos. Methods Bovine fibroblasts were stably transfected with POU5F1 promoter-driven enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). This provided a visible marker to investigate the effect of post-activation treatment of cloned bovine embryos with trichostatin A (TSA) on time and capacity of POU5F1 expression and its subsequent effect on in vitro development of cloned bovine embryos. Results Irrespective of TSA treatment, POU5F1 expression was not detected until 8–16 cell stage, but was detected in both inner cell mass and trophectoderm at the blastocyst stage. TSA treatment significantly increased POU5F1 expression, and the yield and quality of cloned embryo development compared to control. Conclusion The POU5F1 expression of cloned embryos is strictly controlled by the stage of embryo development and may not be altered by TSA-mediated changes occur in DNA-methylation and histone-acetylation of the genome

Influence of plant growth regulator IBA on vegetative propagation of Juniperus excelsa

Juniper is a beautiful evergreen conifer which is so useful for afforestation in arid and semi-arid areas. On one hand, propagation from seed of Juniperus excelsa is difficult, on the other hand, its natural regeneration for the natural ecosystem disturbance caused by destruction, is limited. Therefore, under the controlled greenhouse condition (MIST), it was proceeded to propagate the stem cuttings coco peat planting beds by plant growth regulators (IBA) at zero density and 3000, 4000 and 6000ppm. This experiment was conducted by a completely randomized block design with 4 blocks and 56 cuttings per block for each treatment. Results showed that there is a significant difference (

Effect of seed sowing date, irrigation and weed control on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Pinus brutia seedlings in nursery

Pinus brutiais one of the most important species respect to low ecological needs and tolerance against winter drought and summer heat. This species is used in degraded ecosystems and dry and semidry shrub lands in Iran. It is an important species for urban green space as well. This experiment was performed as complete randomized and factorial design with three treatments, sowing date (autumn and winter), irrigation periods (every 2 and 4 days) and weed mechanical control (every 7 and 14 days) with four replications and 15 vases (per replications) in Zaghe nursery in Khorramabad city. At the end of the first growing season, measurements included biomass and vitality rate. Results showed that the effect of treatments on amount of biomass was significant. The maximum of biomass was showed in winter sowing, every 2-days irrigation and every 7-days weeding. Effect of irrigation on shoot/root ratio was significant and maximum rate concluded in every 4-days irrigation but conversely effect of sowing date and weed control and composition of treatments were not significant. Effect of treatments including, sowing date, weed control and composition of treatments on vitality rate were significant. Maximum vitality achieved at autumn sowing with every 2-days irrigation and 7-days weeding. Based on the results, for decreasing of nursery costs, the duration of irrigation can be extended and winter sowing can be replaced by autumn

Modelling since the Earthquake Vulnerability of Urban Areas (Case Study: Tehran District Three)

Earthquake is one of the most disastrous natural calamity in present age which has been demonstrated its importance objectively. Therefore, getting prepared to deal have with always such crisis affected through identifying vulnerable spots and eliminating them are effective strategies in reducing the damage caused by an earthquake. Many Iranian cities are located in the areas with medium or high relative risk of an earthquake. Tehran city, especially area 3, has a high risk of earthquake danger because so many active faults lie around this area. It is necessary to evaluate vulnerable areas for the substantial planning of decreasing vulnerability of the buildings and representing a clear image from earthquake occurrence and its aftermath. In this study, the vulnerability of context in area3, Tehran, in the time of earthquake occurrence has been modulated. The paper methodology is a descriptive- analytic method which through ANP models and analysis of network in Geographic Data system has modulated and evaluated vulnerability in the urban context of area 3. The results showed that from 2296 hectare of the whole of the area, about 36.2 percent lie in very high and high condition, about 30.8 percent lie in intermediate condition and about 33 percent lie in very low and low condition. The space distribution of vulnerability related to northeastern and east of this area that has cumulous residential context. On the basis of the study results, with considering the problems of vulnerable residential context, Emergency Management of the earthquake will be an effective solution for context maintenance and decrease damages of earthquake occurrence in this context

Relation between Oral Health Status and Electrocardiogram ST Segment Changes in a Group of Patients with Myocardial Infarction

Background and aims. Only half to two-thirds of cardiovascular diseases can be explained by the classic risk factors. It is believed that chronic oral inflammation is a potent risk factor for systemic diseases. Studies show that electrocardiogram ST segment changes can be predictive of myocardial infarction outcome. In this study the relation between electrocardiogram ST segment changes and oral health is evaluated. Materials and methods. In this cross-sectional study, thirty-six patients (14 females and 22 males) with myocardial infarction were enrolled. Oral health indices including DMFT index, probing depth, clinical attachment loss and bleeding on probing were recorded for each patient. DMFT index, PD, CAL as continuous variables and BOP as a categorical variable were compared with ST segment changes by independent t-test and chi-squared test, respectively (α=0.05). Results. DMFT index, BOP and PD revealed no statistically significant relation with ST segment groups. CAL showed a statistically significant difference within ST segment groups (P=0.003, OR=1.68). Conclusion. Clinical attachment loss was significantly higher in patients with ST segment depression, while no correlation was seen between probing depth, bleeding on probing and DMFT index with ST segment elevation or depression

Estimation of forest stand volume using textural indices of aerial images

Because of several radiometric errors, precise estimation of forest stand volume based on spectral indices is not achievable. In contrast to spectral indices, textural indices are more consistent dealing with these errors. In this research, estimation of forest stand volume based on textural indices was studied. For this aim, 150 plots were collected using systematic random design. Green, red and near infra red bands were used. Textural indices included second moment, contrast and homogeneity extract by different window size. Appropriate band, index and window size were chosen by stepwise regression. Based on this analysis, near infra red band, homogeneity index and 31×31 pixel window size were selected. RMSE and bias of estimation was 43 and 2 percent, respectively. Although, estimation accuracy of forest stand volume by textual indices was suitable for mapping purposes, however, its application in forestry operations needs more researches

Effect of seed provenances on germination, height and diameter growth of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) seedlings

Wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) is one of the most valuable Iranian native broad- leaved species that its seed study is very important due to its rare distribution and valuable wood. In order to determine the effect of Prunus avium's seed origin on germination, survival and growth, seeds of wild cherry were collected from different sites including: Lajim (900 m.a.s.l.), Neka (1000 m.a.s.l.) and Farim (1200 m.a.s.l.). Seeds were sown in nursery of Mazandaran pulp and paper industry at 140 m.a.s.l. Seed germination, survival and height growth of seedlings were measured and recorded after first growth season. Results showed that the effect of seed source on germination was statistically significant. The effect of seed source on seedling survival and the height growth of seedling were significant too. Germination rate, height and diameter growth of seeds which collected from Lajim origin was higher than other origins