11 research outputs found
Enhanced Nogo-P3 amplitudes of mothers compared with non-mother women during an emotional Go/Nogo task
Background: It is known that emotion regulatory responses of humans are changed by the experiences they have, but in particular, they are changed by becoming a mother. A recent study has found how a woman's emotion regulatory response to a child's crying changes after becoming a mother. However, mothers' emotion regulatory responses other than those to children and the association between emotion regulatory response and parental stress are still unknown. Methods: Eighteen healthy Japanese females (nine mothers and nine non-mothers) participated in the experiment. They performed an emotional Go/Nogo task, with facial expressions of others (angry, happy, and neutral faces) used as emotional stimuli. The percentage of correct responses, response time, and event-related potentials (ERPs) during the task was measured. Results: This comparison revealed that the mother group had a larger P3 (Nogo-P3) amplitude than the non-mother group when Nogo trials were held. This indicates that in mothers, there was greater activation of the behavioral inhibition-related brain areas than in non-mother women when they inhibited inappropriate behavior following recognition of facial expressions of others. In addition, in the mother group, there was a negative correlation between parental stress levels and Nogo-P3 amplitudes evoked by angry faces. This suggests that there is a relation between the level of parental stress of mothers and their emotion regulatory responses to angry faces. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that mothers' emotion regulatory processes may differ from those of non-mothers in response, not only to a child's crying but also to expressions of emotions by others, and also suggest that the inhibitory recognition activity of mothers can be affected by parental stres
Effects of others’ gaze and facial expression on an observer’s microsaccades and their association with ADHD tendencies
Abstract Background The aim of this study was to examine the effect of others’ gaze on an observer’s microsaccades. We also aimed to conduct preliminary investigations on the relationship between the microsaccadic response to a gaze and a gazer’s facial expression and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tendencies. Methods Twenty healthy undergraduate and graduate students performed a peripheral target detection task by using unpredictable gaze cues. During the task, the participants’ eye movements, along with changes in pupil size and response times for target detection, were recorded. ADHD tendencies were determined using an ADHD questionnaire. Results We found that consciously perceiving the gaze of another person induced the observer’s attention; moreover, microsaccades were biased in the direction opposite to the gaze. Furthermore, these microsaccade biases were differentially modulated, based on the cognitive processing of the facial expressions of the gaze. Exploratory correlation analysis indicated that microsaccade biases toward gazes with fearful expressions may specifically be correlated with participant characteristics, including inattention. Conclusions Our findings support that microsaccades reflect spatial attention processing and social cognitive processing. Moreover, the exploratory correlation analysis results suggested the potential benefit of using microsaccade bias toward spatial attention to assess pathophysiological responses associated with ADHD tendencies
Additional file 1 of Effects of others’ gaze and facial expression on an observer’s microsaccades and their association with ADHD tendencies
Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. Eye movements and microsaccade detections during fixation. Supplementary Figure 2. Average microsaccadic rates and the function of detection threshold λ. Supplementary Figure 3. Relationship between the peak velocity and the amplitude of detected microsaccades and their histograms
Multiple HLA-matched platelet transfusions for a single patient with broad anti-HLA antibodies: a case report
The efficacy of 30 platelet concentrate (PC) products transfused to a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was evaluated by calculating the 1-hour post-transfusion corrected count increment (1h-CCI). Of the 30 transfusions, all HLA-A/B-matched, the cross-match (CM) test was negative in 23 (CM(-)-PC) and weakly positive (CM(+)-PC) in 2, and the CM test was not conducted in 5 (non-CM-PC). The effective rate was higher with CM(-)-PC compared to non-CM-PC (82.6% vs 60%), but statistical significance was not achieved, which suggested that the CM test of PC may still be a not satisfactorily effective predictor of PC refractoriness. Studies are ongoing in Japan to confirm on the importance of CM test of PC
8‑Methyltryptanthrin-Induced Differentiation of P19CL6 Embryonal Carcinoma Cells into Spontaneously Beating Cardiomyocyte-like Cells
Enhancement of cardiac differentiation
is critical to stem cell
transplantation therapy for severe ischemic heart disease. The aim
of this study was to investigate whether several derivatives of tryptanthrin
(<b>1</b>), extracted from the medicinal plant <i>Polygonum
tinctorium</i>, induce the differentiation of P19CL6 mouse embryonal
carcinoma cells into beating cardiomyocyte-like cells. P19CL6 cells
were cultured in α-MEM supplemented with 10% FBS including a
test compound or vehicle. Drug-induced differentiation was assessed
by measuring the number of beating and nonbeating aggregates and the
area of beating aggregates, and the expression of genes involved in
cardiac differentiation was evaluated by real-time PCR. A 1 μM
concentration of 8-methyltryptanthrin (<b>2</b>) induced the
differentiation of P19CL6 cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells to a
significantly greater degree than 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a
conventional differentiation inducer of P19CL6 cells. Furthermore, <b>2</b> strongly increased both the number and the area of spontaneously
beating aggregates in comparison with DMSO. Two distinct genes of
the calcium channel family, Cav1.2 and Cav3.1, underlying cardiac
automaticity were significantly expressed in the presence of <b>2</b>. Gap junction genes GJA1 and GJA5 contributing to the synchronized
contraction of the myocardium were also induced significantly by <b>2</b>. These results suggest that <b>2</b> successfully
differentiated P19CL6 cells into spontaneously beating cardiomyocyte-like
cells by activating the gene expression of pacemaker channels and
gap junctions
Multiple HLA-matched platelet transfusions for a single patient with broad anti-HLA antibodies: a case report
Biphenotypic Blast Crisis of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: Abnormalities of p53 and Retinoblastoma Genes
Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein and Recovery of Drug Sensitivity of Human Acute Leukemic Blast Cells by Multidrug Resistance Gene (mdr1) Antisense Oligonucleotides
NPM1-mutation-based measurable residual disease assessment after completion of two courses of post-remission therapy is a valuable clinical predictor of the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia
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