High-resolution measurements of the DT neutron spectrum using new CD foils in the Magnetic Recoil neutron Spectrometer (MRS) on the National Ignition Facility

The Magnetic Recoil neutron Spectrometer (MRS) on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) measures the DT neutron spectrum from cryogenically layered Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) implosions. Yield, areal density, apparent ion temperature and directional fluid flow are inferred from the MRS data. This paper describes recent advances in MRS measurements of the primary peak using new, thinner, reduced-area deuterated plastic (CD) conversion foils. The new foils allow operation of MRS at yields 2 orders of magnitude higher than previously possible, at a resolution down to ~200 keV FWHM

Efeitos de diferentes níveis de matéria orgânica no solo e de inóculo sobre a interação planta-Meloidogyne spp. e a produção massal de Pasteuria penetrans Effects of cow manure levels in the soil and inoculum concentration on the plant-Meloidogyne spp. interaction and on the mass production of Pasteuria penetrans

Foram estudados os efeitos de quatro proporções de esterco de curral no solo, 0, 20, 33 e 50% (V:V), e três níveis de inóculo de Meloidogyne spp. (3.000, 6.000 e 9.000 J2 por planta) na concentração de fenóis em raízes de tomateiro, no desenvolvimento das fêmeas, nas células gigantes induzidas por esses patógenos e na infecção e reprodução de Pasteuria penetrans. O experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com doze repetições, sendo avaliado 50 dias após a inoculação das plantas. O tamanho médio das fêmeas do nematóide foi maior quando as plantas foram inoculadas com 3.000 J2. Maior percentual de fêmeas infectadas por P. penetrans foi observado quando não se utilizou esterco no substrato ou quando as plantas foram inoculadas com 3.000 J2. As plantas inoculadas com 9.000 J2 e cultivadas no substrato com 20% de esterco foram as que produziram mais endósporos. A concentração de fenóis nas raízes aumentou à medida que se acrescentou esterco de curral ao substrato. As células gigantes de plantas cultivadas no substrato com 33 e 50% de esterco apresentaram menores número, tamanho e quantidade de núcleos. O aumento da proporção de esterco de curral ao substrato causou aumento nas concentrações de fenóis nas raízes, fato que foi deletério às células gigantes, prejudicial ao desenvolvimento do nematóide e à reprodução de P. penetrans.<br>The effects of four different proportions of cow manure, 0, 20, 33 and 50% (V:V) and three Meloidogyne spp. inoculum levels (3,000; 6,000 and 9,000 J2 per plant) on the phenol concentration in the tomato roots, in the nematode female development, the giant cells induced by the nematode and on the reproduction of Pasteuria penetrans were investigated. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse, in a completely randomized design with twelve replicates, and evaluated 50 days after inoculation. The size of nematode females was higher when the plants were inoculated with 3,000 J2. Higher proportion of females infected by P. penetrans was observed when the plants were cultivated in the substrate without cow manure or when plants were inoculated with 3,000 J2. Plants inoculated with 9,000 J2 and cultivated on substrate with 20% of cow manure yielded more endospores. The phenolic content in the roots increased as higher proportions of cow manure were used in the substrate or when the plants were inoculated with the highest number of nematodes. The giant cells of plants cultivated on substrate with 33 and 50% of cow manure were less numerous, smaller and had less nuclei number, demonstrating the deleterious effect of organic amendments on the giant cells, on the nematodes and on the P. penetrans reproduction

Indications of flow near maximum compression in layered DT implosions at the National Ignition Facility

An accurate understanding of burn dynamics in implosions of cryogenically layered deuterium and tritium (DT) filled capsules, obtained partly through precision diagnosis of these experiments, is essential for assessing the impediments to achieving ignition at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). We present measurements of neutrons from such implosions. The apparent ion temperatures (Tion) are inferred from the variance of the primary neutron spectrum. Consistently higher DT than DD Tions are observed, and the difference is seen to increase with increasing apparent DT Tion. The line-of-sight r.m.s. variations of both DD and DT Tion are small, ~150 eV, indicating an isotropic source. DD neutron yields are consistently high relative to the DT neutron yields given the observed Tions. Spatial and temporal variations of the DT temperature and density, DD-DT differential attenuation in the surrounding DT fuel, and fluid motion variations contribute to DT Tion > DD Tion, but are in a 1D model insufficient to explain the data. We hypothesize that in a 3D interpretation, these effects combined could explain the results