Motor-Coordination-Dependent Learning, More than Others, Is Impaired in Transgenic Mice Expressing Pseudorabies Virus Immediate-Early Protein IE180

The cerebellum in transgenic mice expressing pseudorabies virus immediate-early protein IE180 (TgIE96) was substantially diminished in size, and its histoarchitecture was severely disorganized, resulting in severe ataxia. TgIE96 mice can therefore be used as an experimental model to study the involvement of cerebellar circuits in different learning tasks. The performance of three-month-old TgIE96 mice was studied in various behavioral tests, including associative learning (classical eyeblink conditioning), object recognition, spatial orientation (water maze), startle response and prepulse inhibition, and passive avoidance, and compared with that of wild-type mice. Wild-type and TgIE96 mice presented similar reflexively evoked eyeblinks, and acquired classical conditioned eyelid responses with similar learning curves for both trace and delay conditioning paradigms. The two groups of mice also had similar performances during the object recognition test. However, they showed significant differences for the other three tests included in this study. Although both groups of animals were capable of swimming, TgIE96 mice failed to learn the water maze task during the allowed time. The startle response to a severe tone was similar in both control and TgIE96 mice, but the latter were unable to produce a significant prepulse inhibition. TgIE96 mice also presented evident deficits for the proper accomplishment of a passive avoidance test. These results suggest that the cerebellum is not indispensable for the performance of classical eyeblink conditioning and for object recognition tasks, but seems to be necessary for the proper performance of water maze, prepulse inhibition, and passive avoidance tests

ニュウジ ヲ モツ ハハオヤ ノ イクジ ストレッサー ソーシャル サポート ト ストレス ハンノウ ニ オケル ゲツレイカン ノ サ ト サンシャ ノ カンレン ショサンプ ト ケイサンプ ノ ヒカク

母子の健康指導目的のために、生後1ヵ月から12ヵ月の乳児を持つ母親431名とその乳児を対象に横断的調査を行った。母親は初産婦と経産婦に分けて分析し、育児ストレッサー、知覚された情緒的ソーシャルサポート、ストレス反応の1年間における量的な差とそれら三者の関連について検討した。 1. 初産婦、経産婦ともに、育児ストレッサー、ソーシャル・サポート、ストレス反応の月齢問での差はなかった。 2. 育児ストレッサー、ソーシャル・サポート、ストレス反応を乳児期での平均値を両者で比較すると、初産婦では「子どもの特性」「育児知識と技術不足」ストレッサーが、経産婦より有意に高かった。 3. 経産婦では、「親としての効力感低下」と「サポート不足」ストレッサーと、ストレス反応の「疲弊・うつ」が、初産婦より有意に高かった。 4. 知覚された情緒的ソーシャルサポート量は、両者間に有意差はなかった。 5. 育児ストレス反応に影響する要因を検討するため、重回帰分析を行った。その結果、初産婦より経産婦の方が、育児ストレッサーならびにソーシャル・サポートのストレス反応への影響は大きい。 6. 初産婦は「親としての効力感低下」と「育児技術と知識不足」ストレッサーが、経産婦は、「親としての効力感低下」、「育児による拘束」、「子どもの特性」ストレッサーがストレス反応へ影響を及ぼす。 7. ソーシャル・サポートでは、両者間においてそのサポート源により軽減効果のあるストレス反応に差がある、ことが明らかになった。The purpose of this research was to study the health education of mother and child. Quantitative changes were examined during the year regarding child-care stressors,p erceived emotional support,stress responses and their relationships. A survey was conducted with 431 mothers (average age31.1yrs.) with children under one year of age. The mothers were divided into two groups for analyzing and comparing the data: multipara vs. primipara.The result revealed that:(1) Children under one year had no significant changes in child-care stressors,perceived emotional support or stress responses.(2) There were significant differences in stressors regarding "Characteristics of the child," and "Lack of childcare knowledge and skills" with the primipara group.(3) There was a statistically significant difference in the stressors regarding "Loss of feeling of effectiveness as a parent," "Lack of support," and stress responses regarding "Exhaustion anddepression" with the multipara group.(4) There were no significant quantitative changes in support.(5) In a multiple regression analysis, there were different childcare stressors that affected stress responses and different reductions of responses by support resources between the two groups