Compensation Techniques in Accelerator Physics

Accelerator physics is one of the most diverse multidisciplinary fields of physics, wherein the dynamics of particle beams is studied. It takes more than the understanding of basic electromagnetic interactions to be able to predict the beam dynamics, and to be able to develop new techniques to produce, maintain and deliver high quality beams for different applications. In this work, some basic theory regarding particle beam dynamics in accelerators will be presented. This basic theory, along with applying state of the art techniques in beam dynamics will be used in this dissertation to study and solve accelerator physics problems. Two problems involving compensation are studied in the context of the MEIC (Medium Energy Electron Ion Collider) project at Jefferson Laboratory. Several chromaticity (the energy dependence of the particle tune) compensation methods are evaluated numerically and deployed in a figure eight ring designed for the electrons in the collider. Furthermore, transverse coupling optics have been developed to compensate the coupling introduced by the spin rotators in the MEIC electron ring design

Optimization-Based Architecture for Managing Complex Integrated Product Development Projects

By the mid-1990\u27s, the importance of early introduction of new products to both market share and profitability became fully understood. Thus, reducing product time-to-market became an essential requirement for continuous competition. Integrated Product Development (IPD) is a holistic approach that helps to overcome problems that arise in a complex product development project. IPD emphasis is to provide a framework for an effective planning and managing of engineering projects. Coupled with the fact that about 70% of the life cycle cost of a product is committed at early design phases, the motivation for developing and implementing more effective methodologies for managing the design process of IPD projects became very strong. The main objective of this dissertation is to develop an optimization-based architecture that helps guiding the project manager efforts for managing the design process of complex integrated product development projects. The proposed architecture consists of three major phases: system decomposition, process re-engineering, and project scheduling and time-cost trade-off analysis. The presented research contributes to five areas of research: (1) Improving system performance through efficient re-engineering of its structure. The Dependency Structure Matrix (DSM) provides an effective tool for system structure understanding. An optimization algorithm called Simulated Annealing (SA) was implemented to find an optimal activity sequence of the DSM representing a design project. (2) A simulation-based optimization framework that integrates simulated annealing with a commercial risk analysis software called Crystal Ball was developed to optimally re-sequence the DSM activities given stochastic activity data. (3) Since SA was originally developed to handle deterministic objective functions, a modified SA algorithm able to handle stochastic objective functions was presented. (4) A methodology for the conversion of the optimally sequenced DSM into an equivalent DSM, and then into a project schedule was proposed. (5) Finally, a new hybrid time-cost trade-off model based on the trade-off of resources for project networks was presented. These areas of research were further implemented through a developed excel add-in called “optDSM”. The tool was developed by the author using Visual Basic for Application (VBA) programming language

An Integrated Engineering-Computation Framework for Collaborative Engineering: An Application in Project Management

Today\u27s engineering applications suffer from a severe integration problem. Engineering, the entire process, consists of a myriad of individual, often complex, tasks. Most computer tools support particular tasks in engineering, but the output of one tool is different from the others\u27. Thus, the users must re-enter the relevant information in the format required by another tool. Moreover, usually in the development process of a new product/process, several teams of engineers with different backgrounds/responsibilities are involved, for example mechanical engineers, cost estimators, manufacturing engineers, quality engineers, and project manager. Engineers need a tool(s) to share technical and managerial information and to be able to instantly access the latest changes made by one member, or more, in the teams to determine right away the impacts of these changes in all disciplines (cost, time, resources, etc.). In other words, engineers need to participate in a truly collaborative environment for the achievement of a common objective, which is the completion of the product/process design project in a timely, cost effective, and optimal manner. In this thesis, a new framework that integrates the capabilities of four commercial software, Microsoft Excel™ (spreadsheet), Microsoft Project™ (project management), What\u27s Best! (an optimization add-in), and Visual Basic™ (programming language), with a state-of-the-art object-oriented database (knowledge medium), InnerCircle2000™ is being presented and applied to handle the Cost-Time Trade-Off problem in project networks. The result was a vastly superior solution over the conventional solution from the viewpoint of data handling, completeness of solution space, and in the context of a collaborative engineering-computation environment

RESPONSE OF SALTBUSH (ATRIPLEX HALIMUS L.) PLANTS TO SALINITY AND TYPE OF GROWING MEDIUM

A pot experiment was carried out under the full sun atOrman Botanic Garden, Hort. Res. Inst., Giza, Egypt during 2013 and2014 seasons in order to reveal the effect of different media, namely:pure sand, pure loam and sand + loam mixture at 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 ratiosalinized with a homogenous salt mixture of NaCl and CaCl2 (1:1,w/w) at 0.00, 0.75, 1.5 and 3.0% concentrations on growth andchemical composition of the 6-months-old transplants ofMediterranean saltbush (Atriplex halimus L.) cultivated in 40-cmdiameterclay pots filled with a known weight of the abovenamedmedia.The results of this experiment have shown that all vegetative androot growth measurements were significantly improved by the law andmedium levels of salinity (0.75 and 1.5%, respectively), with themastery of 0.75% level which gave the highest means various growthtraits except of leaf area character that reached the maximum values by1.5% level over control and other salinity treatments in the twoseasons. However, 3.0% rate significantly reduced means of thedifferent vegetative and root growth parameters to the least valuescompared to control in most cases of both seasons. The mixture ofsand + loam, especially at 1:2 and 2:1 ratio recorded the bestimprovement in vegetative and root growth parameters over all othermedia in the two seasons. The interaction between the 3 used mixturessalinized with 0.75% of salt mixture gave the tallest plants, thickeststems and highest No. branches and leaves/plant in both seasons, whilethe heaviest fresh and dry weights of aerial parts and roots wereachieved by 0.75% salinity level for plants cultivated in either puresand or pure loam, or in the mixture of both at equal parts (1:1). Thecontent of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids was slightly improved byeither soil salinity treatments or media contained loam granulars. Onthe other side, the content of Na, Ca, Cl and free proline wasprogressively increased with raising salinity level, but the opposite wasthe right concerning K content, which descendingly decreased withincreasing salinity rate. The content of Na and Cl was not markedlyaffect by medium type, whereas content of K, Ca and free proline wasgreatly increased in the leaves of plants cultivated in pure loam or puresand amended with loam at any ratio. The interaction treatments haveshown variable effects, as the highest content of Na and K was mostlyachieved by the low (0.75%) and medium (1.5%) salinity treatmentsunder loam or sand or sand + loam media, while the highest content ofCa, Cl and proline was scored by plants cultured in loam or sand +loam media salinized with the high salinity rate (3.0%). It appears from the previous results that Mediterranean saltbush(Atriplex halimus L.) plants can grow well in the loam or sandamended with loam media salinized with NaCl + CaCl2 salt mixture(1:1, w/w) at low and medium concentrations

IMPACT OF IRRIGATION WITH SALINE WATER ON GROWTH, QUALITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TALL FESCUE TURF (FESTUCA ARUNDINACEA SCHREB. VAR. FESTORINA)

Two tray experiments were conducted in the open field at Orman Botanical Garden, Giza, Egypt during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 seasons to study the effects of saline irrigation water prepared from NaCl and CaCl2 pure salts (1:1, by weight) at the rates of 0, 2000, 4000, 8000 and 12000 ppm on growth, quality and chemical composition of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. var. Festorina) plants cultivated by seeds in plastic trays (51 x 36 x 10 cm) filled with about 15 kg of loamy soil/ tray at the rate of 5 g seeds/tray. The obtained results in both seasons indicated that salinity of irrigation water up to 4000 ppm had no deleterious effects on plant height, density % and fresh and dry weights of herb and roots, except for 2000 ppm salinity treatment which significantly improved vegetative and root growth of treated plants compared to the control. The opposite was right regarding 8000 and 12000 ppm levels, which reduced all vegetative and root growth parameters, especially 12000 ppm level that gave the least means with significant differences when compared to control means in the two seasons. Moreover, chlorophylls a and b in the leaves and N and P content in the herb were decreased as the concentration of salinity was increased, while the contents of carotenoides, K, Na, Cl and the free amino acid proline were progressively increased with increasing salinity level. According to these results, it could be concluded that Festuca arundinacea Schreb. var. Festorina turf can relatively tolerate salinity of irrigation water up to 8000 ppm with the least harmful effects

Paralimpiad ke-14 CUngkil Bakat Baru OKU

Sukan Paralimpiad Malaysia ke-14 yang bermula hari ini akan menjadi medan bagi mencungkil bakat baru untuk diketengahkan pada kejohanan sukan untuk atlet kurang upaya (OKU) di peringkat

Reliability analysis of the new exponential inverted topp–leone distribution with applications

The inverted Topp–Leone distribution is a new, appealing model for reliability analysis. In this paper, a new distribution, named new exponential inverted Topp–Leone (NEITL) is presented, which adds an extra shape parameter to the inverted Topp–Leone distribution. The graphical representations of its density, survival, and hazard rate functions are provided. The following properties are explored: quantile function, mixture representation, entropies, moments, and stress– strength reliability. We plotted the skewness and kurtosis measures of the proposed model based on the quantiles. Three different estimation procedures are suggested to estimate the distribution parameters, reliability, and hazard rate functions, along with their confidence intervals. Additionally, stress–strength reliability estimators for the NEITL model were obtained. To illustrate the findings of the paper, two real datasets on engineering and medical fields have been analyzed

General Anesthesia: Observing and Monitoring the Post-operative Complications

The aim of this research was to analyze the post-operative complications of general anesthesia and by utilizing that information, to plan and produce a comprehensive detailed layout of the literature related to the subject investigated. More than 200 studies were surveyed, and the data collected was organized with a systematic layout of the observing and monitoring processes of the post-operative general anesthesia complications. The study concluded that post anaesthetic observations and monitoring are an essential requirement for patient assessment and the recognition of clinical deterioration in post-operative patients. There is disparity in the literature as to what constitutes ‘standard’ routine post anaesthesia orders, so in line with the observation and continuous monitoring guidelines

Investigation of Biological and Prooxidant Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoclusters and Nanoparticles

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials offer some promising antibacterial effects. In this study, a new form of ZnO is synthesized, named ZnO nanocluster bars (NCs). Herein, ZnO NCs, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), ZnO coated with silica (ZnO-SiOA, ZnO-SiOB), and SiO2 NPs were prepared, characterized, and their antimicrobial and prooxidant activity were tested. The prooxidant activity of all nanomaterials was studied according to free-radical oxidation reactions (pH 7.4 and pH 8.5) in chemiluminescent model systems. Each form of new synthesized ZnO nanomaterials exhibited a unique behavior that varied from mild to strong prooxidant properties in the Fenton`s system. ZnO NPs and ZnO NCs showed strong antibacterial effects, ZnO-SiOA NPs did not show any antibacterial activity representing biocompatibility. All tested NMs also underwent oxidation by H2O2. ZnO NCs and ZnO NPs exhibited strong oxidation at pH 8.5 in the O2-. generating system. While, SiO2, ZnO-SiOA andZnO-SiOB possessed pronounced 60-80% antioxidant effects, SiO2 NPs acted as a definitive prooxidant which was not observed in other tests. ZnO NCs are strong oxidized, assuming that ZnO NCs provide a slower release of ZnO, which leads to having a stronger effect on bacterial strains.  Thus, ZnO NCs are an important antibacterial agent that could be an emergent replacement of traditional antibiotics