Use of Transition Metal Forms in Separation of Lipid Components

Fatty acids (FAs) play an important role in physiological functions. Hence, separation and isolation of FAs is of great industrial importance. Studies presented here were conducted with the intention of developing scalable and cheaper means of separating different forms of lipid constituents. In the first study, aqueous solutions of metallic salt(s) were brought in contact with mixtures of saturated (C16:0) and unsaturated (C16:1) fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). In the second study, select FA forms were used. The goal here was to investigate whether metal ions in their solvent state form strong enough complexes with either the saturated or unsaturated forms of FAMEs or FAs to selectively pull the ensembles out from a mixture. Results showed that although the FAME forms did not show a significant selectivity toward separation, saturated FA forms preferentially bound to select metal ions allowing separation of these from a mixture. The third study involved elucidating the effect of Zn^(2+) concentration on the separation behavior of mixtures of saturated and unsaturated FAs (in methanol). Results showed that a concentration of 30 mg/ml of ZnSO_(4) could decrease the concentration of C16:0 FAs in the solution by 58%. IR spectra of the precipitate obtained in the second study supported the fact that the precipitate obtained is due to a complex between zinc ion and the carboxylate group of the C16:0 FA. Computational chemistry calculations indicate that the that specific complex formation with the saturated FA may be due to structural differences between C16:0 FA and C16:1 FA and their respective metal carboxylates

Advanced Transport Management System

Many people go to their workplace by bus, train (public transportation), etc. While travelling from public transportation the problem of heavy traffic or waiting time for the bus for a longer time may occur. Even though the bus’s arrival and departure time are schedule, but we can’t assure that the bus will always come on time. Hence to overcome the problem of time loss because of waiting at the bus stops, we implemented the smart tracking system. In this project, any passenger who is having Android app can have access to the bus. The passenger can register and sign up to receive information about desired bus arrival times for the interested buses and related routes via SMS/map. Even passenger can book the ticket as well as seat through Android app

Resource Allocation and Receiver Localization for Underlay CRs Using Interference Tweets

Cognitive radio network provides re-utilization of unused portions of the licensed spectrum. Such that primary users do not affect harmful interference from the transmission of secondary users. Therefore, to analyze the effect of interference across primary user and their minimization have become an important criterion in cognitive network. This paper attempts to provide localization technique based on Bayesian approach gives exact location of primary user. The conventional localization technique provides information related to coverage region of primary user so we cannot estimate accurate location. Secondary users opportunistically share a fixed spectrum resource with different probability of interference constraints. The proposed algorithm shows increased network utility with optimize performance of secondary network. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15028

Use of Transition Metal Forms in Separation of Lipid Components

Fatty acids (FAs) play an important role in physiological functions. Hence, separation and isolation of FAs is of great industrial importance. Studies presented here were conducted with the intention of developing scalable and cheaper means of separating different forms of lipid constituents. In the first study, aqueous solutions of metallic salt(s) were brought in contact with mixtures of saturated (C16:0) and unsaturated (C16:1) fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). In the second study, select FA forms were used. The goal here was to investigate whether metal ions in their solvent state form strong enough complexes with either the saturated or unsaturated forms of FAMEs or FAs to selectively pull the ensembles out from a mixture. Results showed that although the FAME forms did not show a significant selectivity toward separation, saturated FA forms preferentially bound to select metal ions allowing separation of these from a mixture. The third study involved elucidating the effect of Zn^(2+) concentration on the separation behavior of mixtures of saturated and unsaturated FAs (in methanol). Results showed that a concentration of 30 mg/ml of ZnSO_(4) could decrease the concentration of C16:0 FAs in the solution by 58%. IR spectra of the precipitate obtained in the second study supported the fact that the precipitate obtained is due to a complex between zinc ion and the carboxylate group of the C16:0 FA. Computational chemistry calculations indicate that the that specific complex formation with the saturated FA may be due to structural differences between C16:0 FA and C16:1 FA and their respective metal carboxylates

Advanced Door Level Security For Theft Detection

Now a day?s many door access control systems are available in market but still the theft rates are increased. Protecting highly secured areas with single level biometric system for access control is not efficient. So in this paper we proposed a system with two level security checks. This system uses password with face recognition technique for theft detection. First system acquires password from user. If that password matched with authorized password, then current captured image will get compared with authorized image stored along with that password. This two level security reduces the number of comparisons required to match the image with authorized person. If any unauthorized person tries to get access of area, then system raises alarm and sends message to registered mobile number using GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) module. If any unauthorized person tries to harm the system, vibration sensor sends signal to microcontroller 89E51RD2 which in turns raises alarm. This system helps users for improvement of the door security of sensitive locations by using face detection and recognition. This system uses sensor, namely passive infrared receiver (PIR) which detects presence of human in front of door, Vibration sensors for detecting vibrations at door or window area, Microcontroller 89E51RD2 for sending signals to computer, Camera for capturing images, GSM module for sending messages and a buzzer for alerting authorized persons

Intestinal organoids model human responses to infection by commensal and Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli

Infection with Shiga toxin (Stx) producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 can cause the potentially fatal complication hemolytic uremic syndrome, and currently only supportive therapy is available. Lack of suitable animal models has hindered study of this disease. Induced human intestinal organoids (iHIOs), generated by in vitro differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, represent differentiated human intestinal tissue. We show that iHIOs with addition of human neutrophils can model E. coli intestinal infection and innate cellular responses. Commensal and O157:H7 introduced into the iHIO lumen replicated rapidly achieving high numbers. Commensal E. coli did not cause damage, and were completely contained within the lumen, suggesting defenses, such as mucus production, can constrain non-pathogenic strains. Some O157:H7 initially co-localized with cellular actin. Loss of actin and epithelial integrity was observed after 4 hours. O157:H7 grew as filaments, consistent with activation of the bacterial SOS stress response. SOS is induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and O157:H7 infection increased ROS production. Transcriptional profiling (RNAseq) demonstrated that both commensal and O157:H7 upregulated genes associated with gastrointestinal maturation, while infection with O157:H7 upregulated inflammatory responses, including interleukin 8 (IL-8). IL-8 is associated with neutrophil recruitment, and infection with O157:H7 resulted in recruitment of human neutrophils into the iHIO tissue

SPARC-LoRa: A Scalable, Power-efficient, Affordable, Reliable, and Cloud Service-enabled LoRa Networking System for Agriculture Applications

With the rapid development of cloud and edge computing, Internet of Things (IoT) applications have been deployed in various aspects of human life. In this paper, we design and implement a holistic LoRa-based IoT system with LoRa communication capabilities, named SPARC-LoRa, which consists of field sensor nodes and a gateway connected to the Internet. SPARC-LoRa has the following important features. First, the proposed wireless network of SPARC-LoRa is even-driven and using off-the-shelf microcontroller and LoRa communication modules with a customized PCB design to integrate all the hardware. This enables SPARC-LoRa to achieve low power consumption, long range communication, and low cost. With a new connection-based upper layer protocol design, the scalability and communication reliability of SPARC-loRa can be achieved. Second, an open source software including sensor nodes and servers is designed based on Docker container with cloud storage, computing, and LTE functionalities. In order to achieve reliable wireless communication under extreme conditions, a relay module is designed and applied to SPARC-LoRa to forward the data from sensor nodes to the gateway node. The system design and implementation is completely open source and hosted on the DigitalOcean Droplet Cloud. Hence, the proposed system enables further research and applications in both academia and industry. The proposed system has been tested in real fields under different and extreme environmental conditions in Salt Lake City, Utah and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. The experimental results validate the features of SPARC-LoRa including low power, reliability, and cloud services provided by SPARC-LoRa.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures, submitted for publicatio

Exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of renal cell cancer

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most prevalent type of kidney cancer originating from renal tubular epithelial cells, with clear cell RCC comprising approximately 80% of cases. The primary treatment modalities for RCC are surgery and targeted therapy, albeit with suboptimal efficacies. Despite progress in RCC research, significant challenges persist, including advanced distant metastasis, delayed diagnosis, and drug resistance. Growing evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in multiple aspects of RCC, including tumorigenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug response. These membrane-bound vesicles are released into the extracellular environment by nearly all cell types and are capable of transferring various bioactive molecules, including RNA, DNA, proteins, and lipids, aiding intercellular communication. The molecular cargo carried by EVs renders them an attractive resource for biomarker identification, while their multifarious role in the RCC offers opportunities for diagnosis and targeted interventions, including EV-based therapies. As the most versatile type of EVs, exosomes have attracted much attention as nanocarriers of biologicals, with multi-range signaling effects. Despite the growing interest in exosomes, there is currently no widely accepted consensus on their subtypes and properties. The emerging heterogeneity of exosomes presents both methodological challenges and exciting opportunities for diagnostic and clinical interventions. This article reviews the characteristics and functions of exosomes, with a particular reference to the recent advances in their application to the diagnosis and treatment of RCC

Estimating associations between demographic, social and environmental factors, and physical activity on trails

Purpose: The purpose of this study was three fold: 1) to estimate associations between demographic, social, and environmental factors and the frequency and duration of physical activity on trails among adult trail users from Massachusetts; 2) to estimate associations between demographic, social, and environmental factors and the odds of using a trail for recreation versus transportation purposes; and 3) to estimate associations between demographic, social, and environmental factors and the odds of reporting an increase in physical activity since first use of the trail by adult trail users. Methods: The social ecological model was used as a conceptual framework for this study. Demographic, social, and environmental data were collected from a random sample of adult trail users at five different sites in Massachusetts during 2004 and 2005 using brief intercept surveys. Secondary data analyses were conducted to estimate associations between demographic, social, and environmental factors and physical activity on trails using logistic regression. Unadjusted, age adjusted and fully adjusted models, which controlled for age and other demographic factors, were estimated. Results: Demographic, social, and environmental variables were associated with the three outcomes. Demographic variables such as age and education demonstrated positive associations with frequency and duration of trail use and with the likelihood of using the trail for recreation/exercise versus transportation. Blacks/African Americans had an increased odds of using the trail for recreation/exercise in comparison to Whites. Use of a trail with family or friends was positively associated with duration of trail visits for recreation/exercise. About 59% of trail users reported an increase in their physical activity since first use of trail. Among environmental factors, trail design, trail safety, and good surface were associated with an increased likelihood of using the trail for recreation/exercise. Conclusion: A combination of demographic, social and environmental factors were associated with the volume of physical activity on trails (i.e, frequency and duration of visits), the purpose of trail use (i.e, recreation versus transportation), and with reported increases in physical activity since first using the trail. These findings contribute to the growing public health literature on trails and physical activity. Additionally, these findings support the use of an ecological framework to examine influences on trail use. Finally, findings such as those presented in this thesis could be used to design more effective interventions to promote trail use in adult populations and thereby help adults meet physical activity recommendations