ANALISIS KESIAPAN PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN MANGGARAI DALAM PENERAPAN e-GOVERNMENT

Electronic Government adalah upaya penyelenggaraan kepemerintahan yang berbasis elektronik dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas layanan publik secara efektif dan efisien. Atas tuntutan perubahan paradigma pelayanan publik ini, Pemerintah Kabupaten Manggarai mulai menerapkan e-Government dalam memberikan pelayanan publik guna memberikan pelayanan publik yang transparan, efektif, dan efisien. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya terdapat banyak kendala yang dihadapi Pemerintah Kabupaten Manggarai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kesiapan Pemerintah Kabupaten Manggarai dalam Penerapan e-government, kendala-kendala dalam pelaksanaannya dan bagaimana Proyeksi penerapan e-government di Kabupaten Manggarai ke depannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan Teori Darcy dalam Indrajit (2002) tentang indikator penerapan e-government khususnya e-planning dan e-budgeting, yaitu: Political Enviroment, Leadership, Planning, Stakeholders, Transparency/Visibility, Budgets, dan Technology. Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan paradigma post positivisme. Lokasi Penelitian di Kabupaten Manggarai, dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi serta menggunakan analisis SWOT. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah Rendahnya tingkat kesiapan Pemerintah Kabupaten Manggarai dalam penerapan e-government, dengan temuan dalam rise tyaitu: Belum terbentuknya kerangka hukum yang mengatur penerapan e-government di Kabupaten Manggarai, Rendahnya komitmen Pemerintah dalam penerapan e-government, Belum maksimalnya pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi, dan komunikasi di Kabupaten Manggarai, Belum memadainya SDM, belum memadainya sarana dan prasarana pendukung penerapan e-government, dan anggaran untuk e-government yang masih minim. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan maka direkomendasikan agar Pemerintah Kabupaten Manggarai dapat lebih mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan e-government dengan mengalokasikan anggaran khusus untuk untuk penyediaan sumber daya yang mendukung dalam penerapan e-government agar terwujudnya Pemerintahan berbasis elektronik yang efektif, efisien, dan tranparan

AKUNTABILITAS STREET-LEVEL BUREAUCRACY DALAM IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT KELURAHAN OESAPA

The accountability of LPM in Oesapa Village as Street-Level Bureaucracy in the implementation of the PEM program. The purpose of this paper is to describe the accountability of street-level bureaucracy in the implementation of community economic empowerment programs in the Community Empowerment Institute, Oesapa Village, Kupang City. This research is a type of qualitative research. The results of this study indicate: Corruption by LPM treasurers, Overlapping in Screening PEM Funding Proposals, street-level bureaucracy responses to issues are still low, In correlation by LPM, Low awareness of the use of PEM funds, Low community activity in depositing PEM funds, and the inadequacy of the Oesapa Village LPM Report. The results showed that the accountability of street-level bureaucracy/LPM in implementing the PEM program in Oesapa Village, Kupang City was still low

Regulating pharmacists as contraception providers: a qualitative study from Coastal Kenya on injectable contraception provision to youth

Introduction Young people worldwide are often reticent to access family planning services from public health facilities: instead, they choose to get contraception from private, retail pharmacies. In Kenya, certain contraceptives are available in pharmacies: these include injectables, which can be dispensed but not administered, according national guidelines. However, Kenya struggles with enforcement of its pharmacy regulations and addressing illegal activity. Therefore, in this qualitative study, we assessed private pharmacies as an existing source of injectable contraception for young Kenyans (age 18–24), and investigated the perceived quality of service provision. Methods This study used: focus group discussions (6) with young community members; in-depth interviews (18) with youth who had purchased contraception from pharmacies; key informant interviews with pharmacy personnel and pharmacy stakeholders (25); and a mystery shopper (visiting 45 pharmacies). Results The study found that for injectable contraception, private pharmacies had expanded to service provision, and pharmacy personnel’s roles had transcended formal or informal training previously received–young people could both purchase and be injected in many pharmacies. Pharmacies were perceived to lack consistent quality or strong regulation, resulting in young clients, pharmacy personnel, and regulators being concerned about illegal activity. Participants’ suggestions to improve pharmacy service quality and regulation compliance focused on empowering consumers to demand quality service; strengthening regulatory mechanisms; expanding training opportunities to personnel in private pharmacies; and establishing a quality-based ‘brand’ for pharmacies. Discussion Kenya’s recent commitments to universal health coverage and interest in revising pharmacy policy provide an opportunity to improve pharmacy quality. Multi-pronged initiatives with both public and private partners are needed to improve pharmacy practice, update and enforce regulations, and educate the public. Additionally, the advent of self-administrable injectables present a new possible role for pharmacies, and could offer young clients a clean, discreet place to self-inject, with pharmacy personnel serving as educators and dispensers

Classically time-controlled quantum automata

In this paper we introduce classically time-controlled quantum automata or CTQA, which is a slight but reasonable modification of Moore-Crutchfield quantum finite automata that uses time-dependent evolution operators and a scheduler defining how long each operator will run. Surprisingly enough, time-dependent evolutions provide a significant change in the computational power of quantum automata with respect to a discrete quantum model. Furthermore, CTQA presents itself as a new model of computation that provides a different approach to a formal study of “classical control, quantum data” schemes in quantum computing.CONACYT – Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

Maternal mortality in the covid-19 pandemic: findings from a rapid systematic review

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is having significant direct and associated effects on many health outcomes, including maternal mortality. As a useful marker of healthcare system functionality, trends in maternal mortality provide a lens to gauge impact and inform mitigation strategies. OBJECTIVE: To report the findings of a rapid systematic review of studies on levels of maternal mortality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We systematically searched for studies on the 1st March 2021 in MEDLINE and Embase, with additional studies identified through MedRxiv and searches of key websites. We included studies that reported levels of mortality in pregnant and postpartum women in time-periods pre- and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The maternal mortality ratio was calculated for each study as well as the excess mortality. RESULTS: The search yielded 3411 references, of which five studies were included in the review alongside two studies identified from grey literature searches. Five studies used data from national health information systems or death registries (Mexico, Peru, Uganda, South Africa, and Kenya), and two studies from India were record reviews from health facilities. There were increased levels of maternal mortality documented in all studies; however, there was only statistical evidence for a difference in maternal mortality in the COVID-19 era for four of these. Excess maternal mortality ranged from 8.5% in Kenya to 61.5% in Uganda. CONCLUSIONS: Measuring maternal mortality in pandemics presents many challenges, but also essential opportunities to understand and ameliorate adverse impact both for women and their newborns. Our systematic review shows a dearth of studies giving reliable information on levels of maternal mortality, and we call for increased and more systematic reporting of this largely preventable outcome. The findings help to highlight four measurement-related issues which are priorities for continuing research and development

Maternal mortality in the covid-19 pandemic: findings from a rapid systematic review

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is having significant direct and associated effects on many health outcomes, including maternal mortality. As a useful marker of healthcare system functionality, trends in maternal mortality provide a lens to gauge impact and inform mitigation strategies. OBJECTIVE: To report the findings of a rapid systematic review of studies on levels of maternal mortality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We systematically searched for studies on the 1st March 2021 in MEDLINE and Embase, with additional studies identified through MedRxiv and searches of key websites. We included studies that reported levels of mortality in pregnant and postpartum women in time-periods pre- and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The maternal mortality ratio was calculated for each study as well as the excess mortality. RESULTS: The search yielded 3411 references, of which five studies were included in the review alongside two studies identified from grey literature searches. Five studies used data from national health information systems or death registries (Mexico, Peru, Uganda, South Africa, and Kenya), and two studies from India were record reviews from health facilities. There were increased levels of maternal mortality documented in all studies; however, there was only statistical evidence for a difference in maternal mortality in the COVID-19 era for four of these. Excess maternal mortality ranged from 8.5% in Kenya to 61.5% in Uganda. CONCLUSIONS: Measuring maternal mortality in pandemics presents many challenges, but also essential opportunities to understand and ameliorate adverse impact both for women and their newborns. Our systematic review shows a dearth of studies giving reliable information on levels of maternal mortality, and we call for increased and more systematic reporting of this largely preventable outcome. The findings help to highlight four measurement-related issues which are priorities for continuing research and development

Exosomes in head and neck cancer. Updating and revisiting

Exosomes have gone from being considered simple containers of intracellular waste substances to be considered important carriers of cellular signals. Its broad capacity to promote tumour growth, both in situ and metastatic, has greatly intensified scientific research on them. In the same way and depending on its content, its tumour suppressive properties have opened a window of light and hope in the fight against cancer. In the present review we try to gather in a simple and understandable way the most relevant knowledge to date on the role of exosomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma, helping to understand their process of formation, release and activity on the tumour microenvironment

Setting research priorities for sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health in humanitarian settings

Background: An estimated 70.8 million people are forcibly displaced worldwide, 75% of whom are women and children. Prioritizing a global research agenda to inform guidance, service delivery, access to and quality of services is essential to improve the survival and health of women, children and adolescents in humanitarian settings. / Method: A mixed-methods design was adapted from the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) methodology to solicit priority research questions across the sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health (SRMNCAH) domains in humanitarian settings. The first step (CHNRI) involved data collection and scoring of perceived priority questions, using a web-based survey over two rounds (first, to generate the questions and secondly, to score them). Over 1000 stakeholders from across the globe were approached; 177 took part in the first survey and 69 took part in the second. These research questions were prioritized by generating a research prioritization score (RPP) across four dimensions: answerability, program feasibility, public health relevance and equity. A Delphi process of 29 experts followed, where the 50 scored and prioritized CHRNI research questions were shortlisted. The top five questions from the CHNRI scored list for each SRMNCAH domain were voted on, rendering a final list per domain. / Results: A total of 280 questions were generated. Generated questions covered sexual and reproductive health (SRH) (n = 90, 32.1%), maternal health (n = 75, 26.8%), newborn health (n = 42, 15.0%), child health (n = 43, 15.4%), and non-SRH aspects of adolescent health (n = 31, 11.1%). A shortlist of the top ten prioritized questions for each domain were generated on the basis of the computed RPPs. During the Delphi process, the prioritized questions, based on the CHNRI process, were further refined. Five questions from the shortlist of each of the SRMNCAH domain were formulated, resulting in 25 priority questions across SRMNCAH. For example, one of the prioritized SRH shortlisted and prioritized research question included: “What are effective strategies to implement good quality comprehensive contraceptive services (long-acting, short-acting and EC) for women and girls in humanitarian settings?” / Conclusion: Data needs, effective intervention strategies and approaches, as well as greater efficiency and quality during delivery of care in humanitarian settings were prioritized. The findings from this research provide guidance for researchers, program implementers, as well as donor agencies on SRMNCAH research priorities in humanitarian settings. A global research agenda could save the lives of those who are at greatest risk and vulnerability as well as increase opportunities for translation and innovation for SRMNCAH in humanitarian settings