Photoacid-Catalyzed C–C and C–O Bond Formation and the Synthesis of Triazole - Containing Bis(indolyl)methanes

From photosynthesis to transition metal-type photocatalysts, the conversion of light energy into chemical energy is a fundamental process in chemistry. While photochemistry is not new to the world of science, there has been a renewed interest in the field, specifically with the use of photocatalysts. There is a wide variety of compounds that function as photocatalysts, ranging from transitions metal complexes, organic dyes, and photoacids. Photoacids, which have typically been used for polymer synthesis and the pH modulation of biological systems and have recently gained popularity due to their catalytic potential. These compounds offer an efficient, cost-effective way to conduct synthetic processes. Chapter 1 of this dissertation describes the recent advancements in photoacid photocatalysis. The specific class of photoacids investigated here are PAHs. Catalysts covered in this chapter include transition metal complexes, naphthols, organic dyes and others. The chapter is further categorized based on different classes of reactions. Chapter 2 describes a thiourea-catalyzed C–C bond-forming reaction. Schreiner’s thiourea [(N,N’-bis[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-thiourea] functions as a photoacid to facilitate the double Friedel-Crafts addition of indoles to aldehydes and isatins to form the corresponding triarylmethanes and 3,3’- diarylindolin-2-ones. The mechanism of catalysis was also investigated, it was determined that an in situ acidic species is being generated due to a hydrogen bonding complex forming between the carbonyl reagents and thiourea catalyst. Chapter 3 describes the use of 6-bromo-2-naphthol as a photoacid catalyst for the formation of C–O bonds. Using 10 mol% photoacid catalyst enables the photo-induced acetalization of aldehydes with a range of alcohols. The chapter also describes methods for determining the ground-state acidity (pKa) and excited- state acidity (pKa*)for 2-naphthol and 6-bromo-2-naphthol. This was the first time that the pKa for 6-bromo- 2-naphthol has been determined in water. It was also observed that 2-naphthol in the presence of a photosensitizer facilitates the acetalization of electron-deficient aldehydes. Chapter 4 describes both photochemistry in conjunction with click chemistry to synthesize triazoles. First the methodology developed in chapter two is used to synthesize alkyne containing bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs). Afterwards, these compounds are then converted to their corresponding triazoles using copper- catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions. This chapter also includes preliminary biological results into the inhibitory effects of these compounds on glioblastoma cancer cell lines

Internalisasi Nilai-nilai Karakter Peserta Didik dalam Pembelajaran Tahsin dan Tahfidzul Qur’an di SMA Darun Nasya Kabupaten Bandung Barat

Al-Qur'an as a holy book has an important role in the hearts of Muslims. A Muslim has an obligation to improve reading (Tahsin) and practice the messages contained. The Tahsin and Tahfidz learning programs which are currently widespread in schools and Islamic boarding schools foster a spirit of learning among the people. In particular, it motivates parents to send their children to schools that have tahfidz programs. with the hope that the Tahsin and Tahfidz programs have a positive influence on the growth and development of students. This study aims to identify how the implementation of the tahsin and tahfidz programs at SMA Darun Nasya with the hope of providing information on the internalization of character values. This type of research is field research with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observations, and documentation. The results showed that there was a pattern of behavior change in students after participating in the tahsin and tahfidz learning programs

Hambatan-hambatan pada Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Daring di SMA Riyadhul Jannah Jalancagak Subang

In an effort to respond to the Minister of Education and Culture circular number 2 (2020), SMA Riyadhul Jannah is still making every effort to realize learning as mandated by the government during this pandemic by maximizing learning with the e-Learning (Online) model, where all teachers maximize learning by use various types of online applications in an effort to deliver a variety of subjects to students. The school also realized it by changing the schedule of teaching and learning activities; educating COVID-19 to all students; and the use of online learning support media. The problems that were the obstacles that the researchers found in the implementation of learning activities of SMA Riyadhul Jannah were taken from the information of three Islamic Education teachers as research respondents. First, the existence of plagiarism behavior, both plagiarism between students, and plagiarism from the internet. Second, there is an inaccuracy regarding the collection of students' answers in completing assignments. Third, there is an internet network (connection) problem experienced by one of the students due to being in a certain location. So that it resulted in him being unable to take part in online learning

Manajemen Pengembangan Sarana dan Prasarana dalam Implementasi Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah di MA Al-Falah Nagreg

Facilities and infrastructure are one of the aspect which is needed to be concerned in implementing Management Based School and the foundation is the authority and  responsibility of the school. This research is the field research that was chosen by purposive. The purpose of this research is to analyze the results of research relating to planning, implementing, monitoring the problems and efforts to handle the problems in implementing the facilities and infrastructure at school. In this research, the writer uses descriptive analysis method that is started with observing, interviewing, and documenting as the steps of data collection to collect all sources that related to problems of the research. Then, the writer verifies the accurancy of the data using the technic of triangulism. After doing this research, the writer concludes that: Management based school means the changing in taking adjusments from the education center to the school. The planning of implementation the facilties and infrastructure starts with analyzing the needs, doing survey, choosing the main need and implementing educational specification, The implementation of development facilities and infrastructure is carried out through assistance of school’s comitee, students’ parents and government. The supervision of development facilities and infrastructure is done through a directly approach and non directly approach. The hading problems in implementing facilities and infrastructure is the lack of involvement of businessmen in educational environments, lack of the skills in schools; managerial comitee, lack of the competency of the students’ parents and society, and the lack of involvement of the students in the process of maintaining the facilities and infrastructure in the school. The efforts that have been done to handle this problems in implementing facilitites and infrastructure is personal coaching personnel, improving the management’s quality, developing the main commitment with the students; parents and prospective students, and also making the relation together with another school

Pengaruh komunikasi interpersonal dan motivasi berprestasi dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru di MA Al-Falah 2 Nagreg Kabupaten Bandung

Sekolah yang baik adalah sekolah yang di dalamnya terdapat guru yang memiliki kinerja yang tinggi. Tinggi rendahnya kinerja guru dapat dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor seperti factor internal yaitu yg berkaitan dengan motivasi kerja dan disiplin, yang tak kalah penting adalah faktor eksternal seperti komunikasi atau hubungan guru dengan pihak lain. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji fenomena masalah yang berkaitan dengan kinerja guru khususnya yang berkaitan dengan variable-variabel dalam penelitian ini yaitu komunikasi interpersonal guru dan motivasi berprestasi dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru. Adapun tujuan yang hendak dicapai dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan data dan informasi dari responden sumber data yang akan digunakan untuk menguji dan menganilisis pengaruh komunikasi interpersonal dan motivasi berprestasi dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru. Untuk mendapatkan hasil penelitian yang akurat, dalam tesis ini penulis menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sedangkan Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis deskriptif dengan tehnik survey. Populasi yang dijadikan sampel atau responden dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 60 orang guru di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Falah 2 Nagreg Bandung. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi dokumentasi dan studi lapangan. Sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan untuk menjawab hipotesis penelitian-penelitian adalah analisis statistik dengan model analisis jalur (path analysis). Hasil pengujian hipotesis utama dalam penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Komunikasi Interpersonal Guru dan Motivasi Berprestasi berpengaruh positif secara signfikan dalam meningkatkan Kinerja Guru sebesar 68,65%, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 32,35% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain di luar penelitian ini. Komunikasi Interpersonal Guru berpengaruh nyata terhadap Kinerja Guru sebesar 45,13%. Motivasi Berprestasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap Kinerja Guru sebesar 5,9%, Komunikasi Interpersonal dan Motivasi Berprestasi memiliki hubungan yang kuat dengan nilai 53,33

Implementasi Manajemen Pembiayaan dalam Pemeliharaan Sarana dan Prasarana Pembelajaran Madrasah Aliyah di Kabupaten Bandung

Facilities and infrastructure resources (such as the availability of learning tools or facilities that are quantitatively, qualitatively, classrooms appropriate to the number of students, school buildings that are relevant to the needs) are important inputs needed for ongoing education in schools. This research is a field research using purposive sampling which aims to analyze the findings of research relating to the planning and funding sources of funds, the implementation and budgeting of funding funds, evaluation of funding funds in the maintenance of learning facilities and infrastructure. This type of research is descriptive qualitative using data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. After collecting various types of data related to the research problem, then verify the validity of the research data by triangulating the data. The results of this study indicate that the planning of funding sources in Madrasah al-Ikhlas Cicalengka through the analysis of the activities of the use of financial resources and the activities of institutions while the source of funds in Madrasah Aliyah al-Ikhlas and contributions from the community which are then used to finance programs or school activities such as improvement and maintenance of school facilities and infrastructure and teacher payroll. Budgeting of funds used for maintenance of facilities and infrastructure is good. The use of funds sourced from the central or regional government, especially for the maintenance of facilities and infrastructure, teacher salaries, and improvement of buildings has been done optimally

Dampak Atraksi, Amenitas Dan Aksesibilitas Pantai Pasir Putih Kabupaten Manokwari Terhadap Kepuasan Wisatawan Berkunjung

Indonesia has the potential of diverse natural tourism attractions, making Indonesia one of the countries with the leading tourism sector that is famous in the world. Manokwari Regency is one of the areas in Indonesia that has a variety of beautiful natural attractions, the leading tourist attractions in Manokwari is Pasir Putih Beach. The purpose of this research is to find out how the relationship between Attractions, Amenities, and Accessibility offered by tourist attractions has an impact on Tourist Satisfaction in Pasir Putih Beach, Manokwari Regency, West Papua. This research focuses on the study of tourism, especially related to Attractions, Amenities, Accessibility, and Tourist Satisfaction. This research is explanatory, the population in this study is all people or people who have visited Pasir Putih Beach in Manokwari. The sample using a minimum sample amount is 5-10 times the number of statement items contained in the study. The number of question items in this study amounted to 12, so the maximum sample size of this study was 5 x 12 = 60. The process of collecting sample data through open questionnaires. Data analysis techniques using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and Hypothesis Testing. The results of this study showed Attractions, Amenities, and Accessibility have a positive and significant effect on Tourist Satisfaction both partially and simultaneously, where Amenities is the most influential variable to the Satisfaction of White Sand Beach Tourists

Protracted Respiratory Failure in a Case of Global Spinal Syringomyelia and Chiari Malformation Following Administration of Diazepam: Illustrative Case

BACKGROUND: Syringomyelia is defined as dilation of the spinal cord\u27s central canal and is often precipitated by skull base herniation disorders. Although respiratory failure (RF) can be associated with skull base abnormalities due to brainstem compression, most cases occur in pediatric patients and quickly resolve. The authors report the case of an adult patient with global spinal syringomyelia and Chiari malformation who developed refractory RF after routine administration of diazepam. OBSERVATIONS: A 31-year-old female presented with malnutrition, a 1-month history of right-sided weakness, and normal respiratory dynamics. After administration of diazepam prior to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), she suddenly developed hypercapnic RF followed MRI and required intubation. MRI disclosed a Chiari malformation type I and syrinx extending from C1 to the conus medullaris. After decompressive surgery, her respiratory function progressively returned to baseline status, although 22 months after initial benzodiazepine administration, the patient continues to require nocturnal ventilation. LESSONS: Administration of central nervous system depressants should be closely monitored in patients with extensive syrinx formation given the potential to exacerbate diminished central respiratory drive. Early identification of syrinx in the context of Chiari malformation and hemiplegia should prompt clinical suspicion of underlying respiratory compromise and early involvement of intensive care consultants

Perlindungan hukum terhadap hak masyarakat hukum adat atas hak kolektif di kawasan taman nasional laut teluk Cendrawasih

176 h