Study of immunological activity and hemostasiological features in rats with experimental antiphospholipid syndrome

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, which is characterized by thrombotic or obstetric events characterized by the presence in the blood of patients of a high titer of antibodies to natively charged membrane phospholipids, as well as to glycoproteins associated with them. The role of etiological factors, triggering mechanisms, especially at the initial stages of APS formation, is not clearly defined that’s why the aim of our work was to study of immunological activity and hemostasiological features in rats with experimental antiphospholipid syndrome. In animals with simulated APS, a positive microprecipitation reaction with cardiolipin antigen was observed, which indicated the development of APS. The development of hypercoagulation due to both the vascular and platelet and coagulation links of the hemostasis system was also noted. Established changes in hemocoagulation indicators in APS occur due to the interaction of blood clotting factors with APA

Dynamics of endothelial and inducible synthase nitric oxide in experimental osteoarthritis and its correction

Study have been carried out on white Wistar line rats (age – 3 months, weight – 180-220 g). According to the tasks the animals were divided into 7 groups:1st group is intact (n = 20). 2nd group is rats, which were modeled osteoarthritis without further correction and were withdrawn from the experiment in the first stage (7th day) (n=40). 3rd group is rats, which were modeled osteoarthritis without further correction and removed from the experiment in the second stage (21st day) (n=40). 4th group is rats, in which experimental osteoarthritis was corrected with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (Diclofenac) and aminoguanidine and removed from the experiment in the first stage (7th day) (n=20). 5th group is rats, in which experimental osteoarthritis was corrected with NSAIDs (Diclofenac) and aminoguanidine and withdrawn from the experiment in the second stage (21st day) (n=20). 6th group is rats, where experimental osteoarthritis was corrected using NSAIDs and a 7% L-arginine solution and withdrawn from the experiment in the first stage (7th day) (n=20)7th group is rats, in which experimental osteoarthritis was corrected with NSAIDs and 7% L-arginine solution and withdrawn from the experiment in the second stage (21st day) (n=20)Animals were withdrawn from the experiment for the 7th day and the 21st day after the simulation of the pathological condition. NSAIDs (Diclofenac), aminoguanidine and L-arginine were administered from the beginning of the study.During the experiment was found nitric oxide hyperproduction by increasing the activity of inducible NO synthase. It was found decreased endothelial NO synthase activity against the background of experimental osteoarthritis development and the induced inducible NO synthase activation. It has been proven aminoguadine correction effectiveness (inducible NO-synthase inhibitor) of endothelial dysfunction in osteoarthritis. It has been established the feasibility of using L-arginine as a corrective agent for endothelial dysfunction in experimental osteoarthritis. Correction agents comparative characteristics showed that the use of nitric oxide donor is more effective compared to  inducible NO synthase inhibition

Researc of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines dynamic on the background of endothelial dysfunction development induced by experimental osteoarthrosis

Study have been carried out on white Wistar line rats (age – 3 months, weight – 180-220 g). According to the tasks the animals were divided into 7 groups:1st group is intact (n = 20). 2nd group is rats, which were modeled osteoarthritis without further correction and were withdrawn from the experiment in the first stage (7th day) (n=40). 3rd group is rats, which were modeled osteoarthritis without further correction and removed from the experiment in the second stage (21st day) (n=40). 4th group is rats, in which experimental osteoarthritis was corrected with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (Diclofenac) and aminoguanidine and removed from the experiment in the first stage (7th day) (n=20). 5th group is rats, in which experimental osteoarthritis was corrected with NSAIDs (Diclofenac) and aminoguanidine and withdrawn from the experiment in the second stage (21st day) (n=20). 6th group is rats, where experimental osteoarthritis was corrected using NSAIDs and a 7% L-arginine solution and withdrawn from the experiment in the first stage (7th day) (n=20). 7th group is rats, in which experimental osteoarthritis was corrected with NSAIDs and 7% L-arginine solution and withdrawn from the experiment in the second stage (21st day) (n=20). Animals were withdrawn from the experiment for the 7th day and the 21st day after the simulation of the pathological condition. NSAIDs (Diclofenac), aminoguanidine and L-arginine were administered from the beginning of the study.It were found during the experiment, increased levels of Interleukin 1β and Interleukin 10 in the simulated osteoarthrosis pathogenesis. It has been established positive dynamics of these cytokines in the endothelial dysfunction correction at osteoarthritis with the aminoguadine correction. It was revealed more pronounced efficacy of using L-arginine as a corrective means of impaired endothelial function in experimental osteoarthritis. Comparative characteristics of correction agents has shown that the use of nitric oxide donor is more effective than incubation of inducible NO synthase. It was proved  normalization of endothelial functional status indicators in the group of animals treated with L-arginine as a part of complex correction of osteoarthrosis was proved

Analysis interconnection level index marker by endothelial NOS, hypoxia and dysfunction in the pathogenesis of experimental diabetic retinopathy

The aim of the study was to analyze changes in erythrocyte diphosphoglycerate levels and Willebrand factor in the development of hypoxia and endothelial dysfunction in experimental diabetic retinopathy. The study was performed on white Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g. Our results indicate the development of hypoxia on the 30th day of development of experimental diabetic retinopathy with subsequent progression of pathological changes on the 60th and 180th day of the study, as evidenced by the decrease level of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate of erythrocytes in the 2nd group (p <0,001). The most pronounced increase in the studied marker of hypoxia was detected in the 3rd stage of the experiment (p <0,001). As a result of our study, a violation of the structural and functional state of the endothelium in experimental diabetic retinopathy was proved, as evidenced by an increase in the level of Willeband factor in group 2 (p <0.001), most pronounced in stage 3. The most pronounced increase in the level of Willebrand factor was detected in the 3rd stage of the experiment (p <0.001). Analyzing the data obtained, we can say that there is a relationship between the development of hypoxia and endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of experimental diabetic retinopathy

Metabolic syndrome: review

The psychosomatic component of the metabolic syndrome, historical aspect of the problem under study, physiological and biochemical mechanisms of pathogenesis are considered in the article. The symptomatic components of the metabolic syndrome and their interrelation are outlined, the ways of diagnosis and therapy and  directions of modern research in this field are outlined

Analysis of peroxidase activity in diabetic retinopathy and in applying various corrective means

Hyperglycemia stimulates the development of oxidative stress, which in turn is a powerful pathophysiological mechanism for the development of microvascular complications in diabetes. Increased production of reactive oxygen species is observed both during development and during the progression of diabetic retinopathy.The study was performed on white Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g. According to the tasks, the animals were divided into 7 groups: 1st group - 60 intact animals; Group 2 - 60 animals in which diabetic retinopathy was simulated without further correction. Group 3 - 60 animals, which simulated diabetic retinopathy with subsequent correction of hyperglycemia; Group 4 - 60 animals in which diabetic retinopathy was simulated with subsequent correction of hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept and L-arginine solution; Group 5 - 60 animals in which diabetic retinopathy was simulated with subsequent correction of hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept and bromfenac; Group 6 - 60 animals in which diabetic retinopathy was simulated with subsequent correction of hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept, L-carnitine and bromfenac; Group 7 - 60 animals, which simulated diabetic retinopathy with subsequent correction of hyperglycemia, the introduction of aflibercept, a solution of L-arginine and citicoline.The results indicate the development of oxidative stress from the 30th and with subsequent progression on the 60th and 180th days of experimental diabetic retinopathy, which is confirmed by a decrease in peroxidase activity in the 2nd group, the maximum of which is observed in the 3rd stage. Correction with hypoglycemic agents in group 3 had a positive effect, but was not able to restore the activity of the antioxidant enzyme, so there was a need for additional drugs. The use of aflibercept and nitric oxide donor in group 4 to correct the development of diabetic retinopathy had a positive effect on increasing the activity of peroxidase, which peaked on the 180th day of the experiment, but did not reach the control values. The combined administration of bromfenac and aflibercept in group 5 was shown to significantly increase antioxidant activity, but not as significantly as in group 4. Administration of aflibercept, L-carnitine, and bromfenac to group 6 animals was shown to restore antioxidant protection as early as day 30 and was continued on days 60 and 180 of the study, but the results did not reach control values. The combination of metformin, aflibercept, L-arginine and citicoline in rats of the 7th group proved to be the most effective correction, as evidenced by the normalization of peroxidase activity on the 30th and 60th day of the experiment, and on the 180th recovery of marker activity to control values was recorded

Study of endothelial dysfunction and asymmetric dimethylarginine levels

The aim of the study was to analyze changes in the level of endothelin-1 and asymmetric dimethylarginine in the development of endothelial dysfunction in experimental diabetic retinopathy and various methods of its correction.The study was performed on white Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g. According to the tasks of the animal were divided into 7 groups:As a result of our study proved a violation of the structural and functional state of the endothelium in experimental diabetic retinopathy, as evidenced by elevated levels of ADMA and endothelin-1 in 2nd group (p <0.001), most pronounced in the 3rd stage. It was confirmed that the correction of the studied complication of diabetes mellitus only with a hypoglycemic drug, even with long-term administration, does not correct the development of endothelial dysfunction (p <0.001).It was found that the addition of aflibercept and a solution of L-arginine in the correction to hypoglycemic drugs significantly (p <0.001) improves the condition of the endothelium, but does not solve the problem completely. It is observed that the correction of the simulated pathological condition by reducing hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept and bromfenac (group № 5) has a positive effect on the normalization of endothelial function markers (p <0.001), but the effect is less pronounced than in the following groups. It was found that in rats in which diabetic retinopathy was simulated with subsequent correction of hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept, L-carnitine and bromfenac (group № 6), the reduction of pathologically elevated levels of markers of endothelial dysfunction is more pronounced compared to the 3rd group, which indicates the feasibility of this method of correction. It was found that the most effective method of correction was in the 7th group of the experiment in which hyperglycemia was corrected, aflibercept, L-arginine and citicoline were obtained to normalize the levels of endothelial dysfunction markers - endothelin 1 and asymmetric dimethylarginine

The choice of the optimal experimental model of myocardial infarction

Nowadays myocardial infarction has a high percentage of mortality [12], and is widespread inUkraine and Western countries [1, 2, 3]. Such a situation calls for the development of a new model of myocardial infarction, which would be as simple and effective as possible. In this article, a model of myocardial infarction with the use of inhalation anesthesia with chloroform is proposed

Changes of inducible NO synthase and Interleukin-1β on the background of experimental rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Purpose: inflammatory processes investigation in the rhegmatogenous retinal detachment pathogenesis and analysis of correction methods effectiveness. On the 7th day in experimental groups observed increase in the interleukin 1β level and inducible NOS activity. On 14th day of the research, as in the 7th, also confirms inflammatory process development. In addition to presence of statistically significant differences between iNOS and IL 1β indices of all experimental groups in comparison with the data of intact animals at the level of significance p <0,05 (and iNOS - at the level of significance p <0,01), the tendency towards increased activation of inflammation in the group that did not receive corrective therapy, and decrease - in group № 4. The most positive therapeutic effect was observed in the 4th group at 21st day. Compared with data of intact rats in group № 2, for given day, increased activity of e inducible NOS at the level of significance was already p <0.01. Differences of group № 3 remained at level of significance p <0,05. In this case, no differences were found when comparing inducible NO-synthase activity in animals of group number 4 and control group. At the same time, there are very significant differences in the comparison of data groups № 4 and № 2. the superiority of the proposed correction suggests decrease in iNOS pathological activity in the rats of the above group compared with the data of the third group (p <0,05). In the analysis IL 1β dynamics at the 21st day, there was no difference in the results of groups number 3 and number 4 in comparison with the values of intact animals. At the same time, difference between fourth group, which received the correction proposed by us in comparison with the data of the second group, in which the simulated pathology was not adjusted, increased. Foregoing confirms the effectiveness of cytokoline and D-asparagine use in complex with the administration of L-arginine 7% solution against the background of experimental rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Comparison of expenditure of using experimental models of carcinogenesis

Despite significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of oncopathology, the main epidemic indicators have a negative trend.Based on the above, a very relevant topic is the development of experimental models of carcinogenesis. The importance of scientific work in this area is increasing because in experimental conditions it is better to test new methods, diagnostics and treatment. Thus, it becomes possible to study the peculiarities of the pathogenesis of any tumor at different stages.The purpose of the work – to study and demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of the main experimental models of carcinogenesis for further selection of the most appropriate.Results The main directions of carcinogenesis modeling are presented in the article. Initially, the problem was justified. The next step is described in chronological order of using the models.Of course, the achievements of clinical and experimental oncology played an important role in the emergence of models. Thus, the first model was the effect of physical and chemical carcinogens on a laboratory animal. The latest achievement of experimental oncology is the use of stem cells in combination with genetic engineering.No less important is the fact of comparing experimental models. We present the strengths and weaknesses of all these models.Conclusions1. To date, there are a large number of experimental models of carcinogenesis.2. When planning a study, you need to calculate all the goals to be achieved and select the appropriate model.3. The most effective and common model for ascites ovarian tumor is the transplantation of atypical cells to laboratory animals