Microwave response of a two-dimensional electron stripe

Electromagnetic response of a finite-width two-dimensional electron stripe is theoretically studied. It is shown that retardation and radiative effects substantially modify the absorption spectrum of the system at microwave frequencies, leading to a non-trivial zigzag behavior of the magnetoplasmon-polariton modes in magnetic fields, similar to that recently observed by Kukushkin et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 90}, 156801 (2003)].Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Optical Kerr Effect in Graphene: Theoretical Analysis of the Optical Heterodyne Detection Technique

Graphene is an atomically thin two-dimensional material demonstrating strong optical nonlinearities including harmonics generation, four wave mixing, Kerr and other nonlinear effects. In this paper we theoretically analyze the optical heterodyne detection (OHD) technique of measuring the optical Kerr effect (OKE) in two-dimensional crystals and show how to relate the quantities measured in such experiments with components of the third-order conductivity tensor $\sigma^{(3)}_{\alpha\beta\gamma\delta}(\omega_1,\omega_2,\omega_3)$ of the two-dimensional crystal. Using results of a recently developed quantum theory of the third-order nonlinear electrodynamic response of graphene we analyze the frequency, charge carrier density, temperature and other dependencies of the OHD-OKE response of this material. We compare our results with a recent OHD-OKE experiment in graphene and find good agreement between the theory and experiment.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, final versio

Electrically Tunable Optical Nonlinearities in Graphene-Covered SiN Waveguides Characterized by Four-Wave Mixing

We present a degenerate four-wave mixing experiment on a silicon nitride (SiN) waveguide covered with gated graphene. We observe strong dependencies on signal-pump detuning and Fermi energy, i.e. the optical nonlinearity is demonstrated to be electrically tunable. In the vicinity of the interband absorption edge ($2|E_F|\approx \hbar\omega$) a peak value of the waveguide nonlinear parameter of $\approx$ 6400 m$^{-1}$W$^{-1}$, corresponding to a graphene nonlinear sheet conductivity $|\sigma_s^{(3)}|\approx4.3\cdot 10^{-19}$ A m$^2$V$^{-3}$ is measured

Influence of contacts on the microwave response of a two-dimensional electron stripe

Electromagnetic response of a finite-width two-dimensional electron stripe with attached metallic side contacts is theoretically studied. It is shown that contacts substantially influence the position, the linewidth, and the amplitude of plasmon-polariton resonances in the stripe. In finite magnetic fields, absorption of the wave with the inactive circular polarization (which is not absorbed in an infinite system without contacts) may become larger than that of the wave with the active polarization. The results are discussed in view of recent microwave experiments in two-dimensional electron systems.Comment: 13 pages, incl. 9 figures, the paper has been substantially modified and extended, new results have been added. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.