One-Pot-Condensation Reaction of Heterocyclic Amine, 1,3-Diketone and Aldehydes Using <em>In Situ</em> Generated Superoxide Ion: A Rapid Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Drug-Like Complex Heterocycles

A novel, convenient one-pot multicomponent synthesis of tetraheterocyclicbenzimidazolo/benzothiazolo quinazolin-1-one derivatives has been reported in the presence of tetraethylammonium superoxide under non-aqueous condition. The superoxide induced three-component reaction of various aromatic aldehydes, 2-aminobenzimadazole/2-aminobenzothiazole and dimedone/1,3- cyclohexanedione produced tetraheterocyclicbenzimidazolo/benzothiazolo quinazolin-1-one derivatives at room temperature under the mild reaction conditions. The tetraethylammonium superoxide has been generated by phase transfer reaction of potassium superoxide and tetraethylammonium bromide in dry DMF at room temperature. The present study extended the applicability of tetraethylammonium bromide as a phase transfer catalyst for the efficient use of superoxide ion in multi-component synthesis of structurally diverse drug-like complex heterocycles (quinazolines)

Vaginal preparation with povidone iodine solution before caesarean section and its impact on the post-operative infectious morbidity

Background: A prospective randomized control trial (RCT) was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of pre-operative vaginal preparation with 1% povidone iodine solution on the post-operative caesarean infectious morbidity.Methods: 72 women were enrolled in the experimental group who received 1% povidone iodine vaginal wash and 72 in the control group who did not receive any vaginal wash. The investigators were blinded to the computer-generated random number table and to the allocation group. The clinical data was recorded and after its completion, the allocation group was revealed to the investigator. The data was tabulated and statistically analyzed using SPSS 21.Results: Age, parity, BMI, gestational age, blood loss, and operative time between the two groups was comparable. Pre-operative povidone iodine vaginal wash was more effective when membranes were intact versus ruptured. With intact membranes, statistical significance was reached for postoperative fever, seroma, endometritis, gaped incisional site, and foul discharge with p value 0.012, 0.012, 0.013, 0.027 and 0.012 respectively, between group A and B. The overall infectious morbidity in the 144 subjects showed statistical significance for endometritis, and foul-smelling lochia with p value 0.049 and 0.024 respectively; urinary tract infection, hospital stay duration, and incisional wound dehiscence were higher in group B versus group A, the difference in these parameters did not reach statistical significance.Conclusions: Pre-operative vaginal cleansing with 1% povidone iodine reduced post-operative infectious morbidity more effectively in those with intact membranes than ruptured membranes

Expression Validation of miR-149-5p targets in prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of mortality in men. Current therapeutics for PCa are androgen depletion by castration or/and anti-androgen based treatments. Androgens are necessary for Androgen receptor (AR) to function as a transcription factor, AR then regulates the expression of genes which promote cancer cell proliferation. However, despite the therapeutic interventions recurred AR signaling, which is facilitated by the acquisition of mutations in AR and its amplification, cholesterol biosynthesis and alterations in the steroidogenesis continue promoting PCa carcinogenesis. Our research is focused on regulatory small RNA molecules know as microRNAs (miRNA) in PCa. Numerous miRNAs fine-tune the expression of multiple genes involved in posttranslational modification, cell proliferation, organogenesis, energy balancing and developmental regulation thus affecting cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. miRNA “replacement therapy” is highly promising as it can target the expression of carcinogenesis promoting AR and androgen signaling, the holy grail of PCa therapeutics. In this research project, we have tested the efficiency of miR-149-5p in controlling AR expression using a sensor luciferase reporter assay system in PCa cell culture model. We found a significant downregulation of AR reporter gene in PCa cells indicating the efficacy of miR-149-5p in controlling the growth of AR based tumors. Our result indicates miRNA mediated regulation of genes involved in PCa and therapeutic potential.https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/u_poster_2017/1014/thumbnail.jp

Expression Validation of miR-149-5p targets in prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of mortality in men. Current therapeutics for PCa are androgen depletion by castration or/and anti-androgen based treatments. Androgens are necessary for Androgen receptor (AR) to function as a transcription factor, AR then regulates the expression of genes which promote cancer cell proliferation. However, despite the therapeutic interventions recurred AR signaling, which is facilitated by the acquisition of mutations in AR and its amplification, cholesterol biosynthesis and alterations in the steroidogenesis continue promoting PCa carcinogenesis. Our research is focused on regulatory small RNA molecules know as microRNAs (miRNA) in PCa. Numerous miRNAs fine-tune the expression of multiple genes involved in posttranslational modification, cell proliferation, organogenesis, energy balancing and developmental regulation thus affecting cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. miRNA “replacement therapy” is highly promising as it can target the expression of carcinogenesis promoting AR and androgen signaling, the holy grail of PCa therapeutics. In this research project, we have tested the efficiency of miR-149-5p in controlling AR expression using a sensor luciferase reporter assay system in PCa cell culture model. We found a significant downregulation of AR reporter gene in PCa cells indicating the efficacy of miR-149-5p in controlling the growth of AR based tumors. Our result indicates miRNA mediated regulation of genes involved in PCa and therapeutic potential.https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/u_poster_2017/1014/thumbnail.jp

Surgical management of caesarean scar pregnancy: a case report

Caesarean scar ectopic is one of the rarest of all ectopic pregnancies. The incidence of caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP), which was extremely rare till recent times, has been rising steadily. Case have more of such cases being published in medical literature now. It is defined as when a blastocyst implants on a previous caesarean scar. The incidence of caesarean scar ectopic has increased due to increase in number of caesarean deliveries. Early diagnosis of this can be done by using ultrasound. It is very important because a delay can lead to increased maternal morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis leads to prompt management and improves the outcome by allowing preservation of future fertility. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has important role when sonography is equivocal or inconclusive before therapy or intervention. Case are reporting a rare case of G2P1l1 with previous one caesarean delivery, diagnosed as caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy with the help of sonography. Patient underwent laparotomy and on histopathological examination caesarean scar pregnancy was confirmed. Due to the rarity of this condition, there are no specific guidelines available for its management

Application of Motivational Enhancement Therapy in Group settings among Patients with Substance Abuse

Background: Substance abuse is defined as the use of a drug or any other substance for a non-medical purpose with the aim of producing some type of "mind-altering "effect in the users. Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) is a systematic intervention approach for evoking change. It is based on principles of motivational psychology and is designed to produce rapid and internal motivation. Aims: The present study aims to assess and compare desire to quit substance use among substance users and the effectiveness of Motivation Enhancement Therapy on the desire to quit substance use in an experimental group. Sample and Sampling: A total number of 70 participants were selected using purposive sampling technique. The sample comprised of 35 from inpatient unit and 35 from the out-patient department of psychiatry, Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College and Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India. Results and Conclusions: The present study suggests that comprehensive patient-friendly treatments are more effective in increasing the desire to quit substance use than the standard pharmacological treatment.  Hence, combining pharmacolo­gical treatment with appropriate psychosocial interventions focusing on the specific problem of the patient may provide a better outcome than either one alone. Clinicians can arrange the clinical teaching regarding MET for a larger group at whole including family interventions. Keywords: Motivation enhancement therapy, substance abus

An amelanotic melanoma of the rectum: report of a rare aggressive primary tumor

Anorectal melanoma is a rare and highly aggressive malignancy accounting for 0.4% to 1.6% of all melanoma and 0.5% of all anorectal cancer. About 80% cases are confused with haemorrhoids, rectal polyp, rectal ulcer or adenocarcinoma as they commonly present with rectal bleed. We herein reported a case of a 55-year male presenting with a 6-months history of vague abdominal pain, constipation, tenesmus, weight loss, and passage of blood in stool. Clinical examination and proctoscopy revealed a fungating mass. CT scan showed a mass involving lower rectum with periserosal infiltration. The patient underwent total abdominoperineal resection and specimen was sent for histopathological examination. Gross examination showed a fungating growth measuring 3.5×2.5×2 cm along with 8 lymph nodes. On microscopy rectal mucosa was normal, submucosa showed spindle shape tumor cells arranged in sheets &amp; fascicles having pleomorphic nuclei, high N:C ratio with moderate amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm along with areas of necrosis and no evidence of lymphovascular emboli. 6/8 lymph nodes showed metastatic deposits along with large number of atypical mitotic figures. H and E examination suggested diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (T2N1Mx). A panel of IHC markers was advised for definite diagnosis. The tumor cells were reactive for HMB45, S-100, Ki67 thus rendering a diagnosis of amelanotic melanoma. Due to absence/small numbers of melanin granules in H and E and diversity in morphology of neoplastic cells, misdiagnosis as lymphoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor and sarcoma is very common. Hence IHC plays an indispensable role in the diagnosis of amelanotic melanoma of rectum