Evaluation of the variations and potential clinical use of second trimester serum markers for the detection of pre-eclampsia

Background: In many areas of world, hypertensive disease in pregnancy is the single most common cause of maternal death. Pregnancy associated hypertension remains unsolved despite decades of intensive research and remains the most significant problem in obstetrics. The aim of present study is to evaluate the variations and potential clinical use of second trimester serum markers for the detection of pre-eclampsia.Methods: In an observational study, estimations of serum of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) were done in 347 randomly selected women at 13-20 weeks of gestation in august 2015 to may 2016. Multiple of median (MOM) was calculated from charts of norms available for that weeks of pregnancy. The subjects were followed up till delivery for the development of hypertension in pregnancy and results analysed statistically with Chi-square test.Results: Out of 347, 47 women developed hypertyension and 2MOM of β hCG was significantly (P<0.001) elevated in those who developed hypertension compared to normotensive women. In our study group a significant associations between elevations in second trimester β-hCG and development of hypertension was observed. Thus with second trimester serum marker study, prediction of pre- eclampsia is possible at incipient stage and adverse pregnancy outcome can be minimized.Conclusions: Maternal serum β-hCG level was found to be significantly higher in hypertensive group than normal group

How sustainable practices influence guests’ willingness to pay a price premium in Fiji

Purpose This study seeks to determine the effect of sustainable practices on willingness to pay a price premium (WTPP) in the hotels and resorts in the Fiji islands. It will also assess how implementing these sustainable practices influences guest re-visit intentions. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research technique was used which included in-depth interview sessions with ten Fijian resort managers and 15 hotel guests. The website of Etic Hotels was also used to gather data about the green practices provided by resorts and hotels. A non-random purposive sampling method was used to select respondents. Findings Results indicate that implementing sustainability practices has significantly and positively affected guest intentions to return to Fijian Hotels and resorts. The results also demonstrated that customers are willing to pay a higher price for the use of environmentally friendly practices in Fiji's hotels and resorts. Originality/value Though a few studies have been conducted examining the linkages between sustainable practices and the Fijian hotel industry, this article is a novel exploration of the use of sustainable practices in hotels and resorts and how they influence guest re-visit intentions and WTPP in Fiji Islands

Immunization of Alpacas (\u3cem\u3eLama pacos\u3c/em\u3e) with Protein Antigens and Production of Antigen-Specific Single Domain Antibodies

In this manuscript, a method for the immunization of alpaca and the use of molecular biology methods to produce antigen-specific single domain antibodies is described and demonstrated. Camelids, such as alpacas and llamas, have become a valuable resource for biomedical research since they produce a novel type of heavy chain-only antibody which can be used to produce single domain antibodies. Because the immune system is highly flexible, single domain antibodies can be made to many different protein antigens, and even different conformations of the antigen, with a very high degree of specificity. These features, among others, make single domain antibodies an invaluable tool for biomedical research. A method for the production of single domain antibodies from alpacas is reported. A protocol for immunization, blood collection, and B-cell isolation is described. The B-cells are used for the construction of an immunized library, which is used in the selection of specific single domain antibodies via panning. Putative specific single domain antibodies obtained via panning are confirmed by pull-down, ELISA, or gel-shift assays. The resulting single domain antibodies can then be used either directly or as a part of an engineered reagent. The uses of single domain antibody and single domain antibody-based regents include structural, biochemical, cellular, in vivo, and therapeutic applications. Single domain antibodies can be produced in large quantities as recombinant proteins in prokaryotic expression systems, purified, and used directly or can be engineered to contain specific markers or tags that can be used as reporters in cellular studies or in diagnostics

Tactical Surface Metering Procedures for Charlotte Douglas International Airport

NASA has been collaborating with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and aviation industry partners to develop and demonstrate new concepts and technologies for the Integrated Arrival, Departure, and Surface (IADS) traffic management capabilities under the Airspace Technology Demonstration 2 (ATD-2) project. The primary goal of the ATD-2 project is to improve the predictability and the operational efficiency of the air traffic system in metroplex environments while maintaining or improving throughput by enhancing and integrating arrival, departure and surface prediction, scheduling, and management systems. In the Phase 1 Baseline IADS Demonstration, the tactical surface scheduling capability and the user interfaces for ramp controllers and ramp traffic managers were implemented for ramp operations. The purpose of the tactical surface scheduling capability is to provide the airline ramp controller with aircraft pushback advisories that prevent surface congestion and to respond to surface and airspace constraints that become known over relatively short time horizons. For this purpose, the tactical surface metering tool first estimates the capacity of current and near-future runway resources from flight schedule and surveillance data. With demand forecasts and predicted taxi trajectories, this tool computes an efficient runway schedule of aircraft in the planning horizon based on their readiness, Earliest Off-Block Times (EOBTs), and a ration by schedule (RBS) rule. Details on the implementation of the Tactical Surface Metering tool will be provided in the full paper. Both pushback and recommended hold times advisories provided by this surface metering tool are shown on the user interfaces for the ramp controller and the ramp traffic manager, called Ramp Traffic Console (RTC) and Ramp Manager Traffic Console (RMTC), respectively. There is excess queue time in the system due to demand capacity imbalance, this time can be taken as a hold on the runway queue or at the gate and was referred to as the Metering Value. This metering value can be adjusted by the Ramp Manager in collaboration with Air Traffic Controller-Tower Traffic Management Coordinator (TMC). They selected a set of metering values as default values for the tool during human-in-the-loop simulation. As the metering value increases, there is a decrease in the gate hold and increase in the queue time at the runway. Procedures and Information needs related to managing the surface metering procedures were researched in the simulated environment. These procedures will be compared to the procedures adopted at Charlotte Douglas International Airport when the tools were deployed and adopted in November 2017 for one departure push bank per day. Feedback regarding initial issues, information needs such as the need to see EOBTs on the flight data tags and how they compare to scheduled times will also be discussed in the full paper. Initial results will be provided regarding the choice of the metering value and how it was adjusted on a daily basis and what procedures evolved will also be presented in the paper

Asteroseismology with the Roman Galactic Bulge Time-Domain Survey

Asteroseismology has transformed stellar astrophysics. Red giant asteroseismology is a prime example, with oscillation periods and amplitudes that are readily detectable with time-domain space-based telescopes. These oscillations can be used to infer masses, ages and radii for large numbers of stars, providing unique constraints on stellar populations in our galaxy. The cadence, duration, and spatial resolution of the Roman galactic bulge time-domain survey (GBTDS) are well-suited for asteroseismology and will probe an important population not studied by prior missions. We identify photometric precision as a key requirement for realizing the potential of asteroseismology with Roman. A precision of 1 mmag per 15-min cadence or better for saturated stars will enable detections of the populous red clump star population in the Galactic bulge. If the survey efficiency is better than expected, we argue for repeat observations of the same fields to improve photometric precision, or covering additional fields to expand the stellar population reach if the photometric precision for saturated stars is better than 1 mmag. Asteroseismology is relatively insensitive to the timing of the observations during the mission, and the prime red clump targets can be observed in a single 70 day campaign in any given field. Complementary stellar characterization, particularly astrometry tied to the Gaia system, will also dramatically expand the diagnostic power of asteroseismology. We also highlight synergies to Roman GBTDS exoplanet science using transits and microlensing.Comment: Roman Core Community Survey White Paper, 3 pages, 4 figure

Asteroseismology with the Roman Galactic Bulge Time-Domain Survey

Asteroseismology has transformed stellar astrophysics. Red giant asteroseismology is a prime example, with oscillation periods and amplitudes that are readily detectable with time-domain space-based telescopes. These oscillations can be used to infer masses, ages and radii for large numbers of stars, providing unique constraints on stellar populations in our galaxy. The cadence, duration, and spatial resolution of the Roman galactic bulge time-domain survey (GBTDS) are well-suited for asteroseismology and will probe an important population not studied by prior missions. We identify photometric precision as a key requirement for realizing the potential of asteroseismology with Roman. A precision of 1 mmag per 15-min cadence or better for saturated stars will enable detections of the populous red clump star population in the Galactic bulge. If the survey efficiency is better than expected, we argue for repeat observations of the same fields to improve photometric precision, or covering additional fields to expand the stellar population reach if the photometric precision for saturated stars is better than 1 mmag. Asteroseismology is relatively insensitive to the timing of the observations during the mission, and the prime red clump targets can be observed in a single 70 day campaign in any given field. Complementary stellar characterization, particularly astrometry tied to the Gaia system, will also dramatically expand the diagnostic power of asteroseismology. We also highlight synergies to Roman GBTDS exoplanet science using transits and microlensing

Expanding the toolbox of metabolically stable lipid prodrug strategies

Nucleoside- and nucleotide-based therapeutics are indispensable treatment options for patients suffering from malignant and viral diseases. These agents are most commonly administered to patients as prodrugs to maximize bioavailability and efficacy. While the literature provides a practical prodrug playbook to facilitate the delivery of nucleoside and nucleotide therapeutics, small context-dependent amendments to these popular prodrug strategies can drive dramatic improvements in pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles. Herein we offer a brief overview of current prodrug strategies, as well as a case study involving the fine-tuning of lipid prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside phosphonate tenofovir (TFV), an approved nucleotide HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NtRTI) and the cornerstone of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Installation of novel lipid terminal motifs significantly reduced fatty acid hepatic ω-oxidation while maintaining potent antiviral activity. This work contributes important insights to the expanding repertoire of lipid prodrug strategies in general, but particularly for the delivery and distribution of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates