Косвенные речевые акты в речи персонажей “Повести временных лет”

The article states that communication in Old Russian as well as in modern Russian discourse is characterized by the use of mono-functional and poly-functional indirect speech acts. Moreover, the important aspect that helps to specify the illocutive functions of indirect speech acts in Old Russian is their verifiability: the verbal or non-verbal response of the interlocutor as well as the frame constructions, which introduce direct speech (preposition). These constructions are also used in the middle of the utterance (interposition) or at the end of the utterance (postposition). The author of the chronicles observes the communicative purposes of both the speaker and the interlocutor, indicating that the given utterance should be regarded as an indirect speech act. By analyzing the use of mono-functional indirect speech acts in the original dialogue fragments of the Tale of Bygone Years, the author works out their typology. The groups of interrogative and non-interrogative indirect speech acts have been singled out, each of them having certain typical characteristics. The semantics of non-interrogative utterances in most cases is connected with the expression of indirect meanings of time and aspect of verbal forms. The use of interrogative utterances as indirect speech acts is mostly connected with the changes not only in the illocutive function, but also in the propositional meaning of the predicative unit: interrogative utterances with negations should be interpreted as affirmative non-interrogative utterances and vice versa. The author comes to the conclusion that the use of modern mono-functional indirect speech acts is traditional, since it is identical to their functioning in Old Russian.В статье устанавливается, что для древнерусской коммуникации так же, как и для современного руского дискурса, свойственно употребление монофункциональных и полифункциональных косвенных речевых актов. При этом важным аспектом определения иллокутивных функций древнерусских косвенных речевых актов является их верифицируемость: о том, что высказывание воспринимается в качестве косвенного речевого акта, свидетельствует вербальная и/или невербальная реакция собеседника, а также то, что в рамочных конструкциях, предваряющих и завершающих реплики, автором текста указываются коммуникативные целеустановки говорящего и собеседника. Анализируя использование монофункциональных косвенных речевых актов в оригинальных (не восходящих к другим текстам) диалогических фрагментах “Повести временных лет”, автор статьи выстраивает их типологию. Выделяются группы невопросительных и вопросительных косвенных речевых актов, для каждой из которых определяются характерные для нее признаки. Семантика невопросительных высказываний в большинстве случаев связана с выражением непрямых видо-временных значений глагольных форм. Использование вопросительных высказываний в качестве косвенных речевых актов чаще всего связано с изменением не только иллокутивной функции, но и пропозитивного содержания предикативной единицы: воспросительные высказывания с отрицанием должны восприниматься в качестве утвердительных невоспросительных высказываний, и наоборот. Автор приходит к выводу, что использование современных монофункциональных косвенных речевых актов имеет традиционный характер, будучи тождественным их функционированию в древнерусской речи

Development of an automated prototype of THz filter based on magnetic fluids

Many new investigation approaches or techniques that rely on THz radiation are emerging today. It requires the development of devices for controlling THz radiation characteristics intensity, polarization, spectral properties, etc. One of the promising approaches to the implementation of such devices is the use of ferromagnetic fluids. Earlier, the efficient operation of polarizers and non selective THz attenuators based on ferromagnetic liquids was demonstrated. The liquids used consisted of 5BDSR alloy particles obtained by the mechanical synthesis in a planetary mill or Fe particles obtained by the electric explosion, dispersed in synthetic engine oil. Magnetic fluids were controlled using an external magnetic field generated by Helmholtz coils. In this study, we propose a prototype of a THz filter based on previously developed ferromagnetic fluids. Filter consists of a quartz or polymer cuvette with a magnetic fluid, several Helmholtz coils and a control circuit. This device allows one to orient the magnetic particles and to create ordered structures in the form of extended clusters. As a result, physical properties of electromagnets were optimized for effective controlling of particle clusters; the control process itself was automated. Spectral properties in the THz range are studied for various filter states. For reliable continuous operations, the device was supplemented with a homogenization system, based on mechanical mixing or sonication. The developed device can be used as a polarizer or an attenuator for polarized radiation in the range of 0.3-3 THz

Indirect Speech Acts in the Speech of the Characters of the Tale of Bygone Years

The article states that communication in Old Russian as well as in modern Russian discourse is characterized by the use of mono-functional and poly-functional indirect speech acts. Moreover, the important aspect that helps to specify the illocutive functions of indirect speech acts in Old Russian is their verifiability: the verbal or non-verbal response of the interlocutor as well as the frame constructions, which introduce direct speech (preposition). These constructions are also used in the middle of the utterance (interposition) or at the end of the utterance (postposition). The author of the chronicles observes the communicative purposes of both the speaker and the interlocutor, indicating that the given utterance should be regarded as an indirect speech act. By analyzing the use of mono-functional indirect speech acts in the original dialogue fragments of the Tale of Bygone Years, the author works out their typology. The groups of interrogative and non-interrogative indirect speech acts have been singled out, each of them having certain typical characteristics. The semantics of non-interrogative utterances in most cases is connected with the expression of indirect meanings of time and aspect of verbal forms. The use of interrogative utterances as indirect speech acts is mostly connected with the changes not only in the illocutive function, but also in the propositional meaning of the predicative unit: interrogative utterances with negations should be interpreted as affirmative non-interrogative utterances and vice versa. The author comes to the conclusion that the use of modern mono-functional indirect speech acts is traditional, since it is identical to their functioning in Old Russian

Development of an automated prototype of THz filter based on magnetic fluids

We report on the fabrication of liquid automated filter capable of controlling the intensity of terahertz radiation in the range of 0.4-1.4 THz. The filter is a cell with a magnetic fluid (5% dispersion of 5BDSR particles in 80W-90 synthetic oil) placed on the path of THz radiation between a pair of crossed Helmholtz coils. The prototype created allows achieving an extremely high attenuation coefficient, up to 35 dB. Automatic start-up and stirring system make filter operation repeatable, even with multiple on/off filter state changes. All this allows us to speak about the operability of the presented technology and the possibility of further development of the prototype, the use of similar filters in any THz photonics systems, in which it is required to control the intensity of polarized radiatio