Aseguramiento de protección contra el fuego en complejos industriales de agrupaciones animales

Aquí se presenta el estudio del aseguramiento de la protección contra el fuego en edificios agrupados de un conjunto de ganadería por medio de optimizar las medidas legislativas respectivas y analizar las influencias en la calidad y fiabilidad de los resultados de evaluar riesgos de incendio. Se llevaron a cabo los estudios a través de hacer valoración profesional, calcular riesgos de incendio individuales y simular la evacuación de la gente en el modelo de flujos humanos individual y en cadena. Los aspectos funcionales conceptuales de los edificios del conjunto resultaron en la necesidad de desarrollar soluciones técnicas y estructurales que podrían ayudar a reducir gastos ineficientes y armonizarían los edificios con las exigencias de la protección contra el fuego. El riesgo de incendios individual para los trabajadores del objeto de protección considerado es 2.91x10-7 por año-1 (0.291x10-6 por año), es decir, no sobrepasa el nivel normal establecido por la ley Federal 123-FZ del 22 de Julio de 2008 «Regulaciones Técnicas de las Exigencias a la Protección contra el Fuego". La adopción en el nivel legislativo del sistema de valorar riesgos de incendio creó para los dueños de objetos la oportunidad de optimizar los gastos para asegurar la protección contra el fuego, incluyendo el aseguramiento del nivel exigido de seguridad human

Aseguramiento de protección contra el fuego en complejos industriales de agrupaciones animales

This study deals with ensuring fire safety in buildings of a cluster animal industrial complex by optimizing legislative measures and analyzing factors that affect the quality and reliability of the results of calculating fire risk. The research involved the following methods: expert assessment; calculating individual fire risk; modeling evacuation of people in the form of an individual flow model of human traffic. The conceptual features of the complex's buildings required developing the design and technical solutions that would reduce inefficient costs on the one hand, and, on the other, would ensure meeting fire safety requirements. The individual fire risk for employees of the asset to be protected is 2.91 ×10-7 per year-1 (0.291 ×10-6 per year). That is, it does not exceed the characteristic value established by Federal law No. 123-FZ dated 22.07.2008 'Technical regulations on fire safety'. After the introduction of the fire risk assessment system at the legislative level, the owners of objects have received the opportunity to optimize the cost of fire safety and the required level of human safety.Aquí se presenta el estudio del aseguramiento de la protección contra el fuego en edificios agrupados de un conjunto de ganadería por medio de optimizar las medidas legislativas respectivas y analizar las influencias en la calidad y fiabilidad de los resultados de evaluar riesgos de incendio. Se llevaron a cabo los estudios a través de hacer valoración profesional, calcular riesgos de incendio individuales y simular la evacuación de la gente en el modelo de flujos humanos individual y en cadena. Los aspectos funcionales conceptuales de los edificios del conjunto resultaron en la necesidad de desarrollar soluciones técnicas y estructurales que podrían ayudar a reducir gastos ineficientes y armonizarían los edificios con las exigencias de la protección contra el fuego. El riesgo de incendios indivudual para los trabajadores del objeto de protección considerado es 2.91x10-7 por año-1 (0.291x10-6 por año), es decir, no sobrepasa el nivel normal establecido por la ley Federal 123-FZ del 22 de Julio de 2008 «Regulaciones Técnicas de las Exigencias a la Protección contra el Fuego». La adopción en el nivel legislativo del sistema de valorar riesgos de incendio creó para los dueños de objetos la oportunidad de optimizar los gastos para asegurar la protección contra el fuego, incluyendo el aseguramiento del nivel exigido de seguridad humana

Intracerebral adenosine during sleep deprivation : A meta-analysis and new experimental data

Funding Information: The systematic review was funded by The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMW; 114024101); R2N, Federal State of Lower Saxony; and the DFG (FOR2591, BL 953/11-1). The microdialysis experiment was funded by Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO; 051-04-010, to Eus van Some-ren). The HPLC adenosine measurements were funded by the University of Helsinki sleep team and a travel grant from the European Sleep Research Society. Publisher Copyright: © 2018 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.The neuroregulator adenosine is involved in sleep-wake control. Basal forebrain (BF) adenosine levels increase during sleep deprivation. Only a few studies have addressed the effect of sleep deprivation on extracellular adenosine concentrations in other brain regions. In this paper, we describe a microdialysis experiment as well as a meta-analysis of published data. The 64 h microdialysis experiment determined the extracellular adenosine and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) concentrations in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats before, during and after 12 h of sleep deprivation by forced locomotion. The meta-analysis comprised published sleep deprivation animal experiments measuring adenosine by means of microdialysis. In the animal experiment, the overall median adenosine concentration was 0.36 nM and ranged from 0.004 nM to 27 nM. No significant differences were observed between the five conditions: 12 h of washout, baseline light phase, baseline dark phase, 12 h of sleep deprivation and 12 h of subsequent recovery. The overall median AMP concentration was 0.10 nM and ranged from 0.001 nM to 7.56 nM. Median AMP concentration increased during sleep deprivation (T = 47; p = 0.047) but normalised during subsequent recovery. The meta-analysis indicates that BF dialysate adenosine concentrations increase with 74.7% (95% CI: 54.1-95.3%) over baseline during sleep deprivation. Cortex dialysate adenosine concentrations during sleep deprivation were so far only reported by 2 publications. The increase in adenosine during sleep deprivation might be specific to the BF. At this stage, the evidence for adenosine levels in other brain regions is based on single experiments and insufficient for generalised conclusions. Further experiments are currently still warranted.Peer reviewe

Development of 3D Microstructures for the Formation of a Set of Optical Traps on the Optical Axis

Three-dimensional (3D) microstructures used in the formation of optical traps on the optical axis in the near diffraction zone are calculated and studied. Subwavelength, variable-height annular gratings (a lattice period of 1.05λ) with a standard and graded-index (GRIN) substrate are considered as microstructures. Two scenarios are examined for changing the refractive index n of the GRIN substrate: from a maximum n in the center to a minimum n at the edges (direct GRIN) and, conversely, from a minimum n in the center to a maximum n at the edges (reverse GRIN). The propagation of light through the proposed 3D microstructures is simulated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The possibility of obtaining not only single but also a set of optical traps on the optical axis is demonstrated. It is also shown that compared to the results obtained with a diffractive axicon, the size of the focal spot can be reduced by 21.6% when use is made of the proposed 3D microstructures and the light needle is increased by 2.86 times

Laser-induced modification of amorphous GST225 phase change materials

In this paper, we have studied the crystallization behavior of amorphous GST225 thin films upon irradiation with nanosecond laser pulses. Crystalline and melt-quenched amorphous regions were produced by exposure to laser single or multipulses, and were characterized by the optical microscopy and by the micro-Raman spectroscopy. Transition region between the amorphous and crystalline parts of the laser-modified area was investigated by atomic force microscopy. Using irradiation by single laser pulses with varying fluence, it was verified that crystallization was possible if the fluence is more than 90.4 mJ/cm2

Intracerebral adenosine during sleep deprivation : A meta-analysis and new experimental data

Funding Information: The systematic review was funded by The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMW; 114024101); R2N, Federal State of Lower Saxony; and the DFG (FOR2591, BL 953/11-1). The microdialysis experiment was funded by Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO; 051-04-010, to Eus van Some-ren). The HPLC adenosine measurements were funded by the University of Helsinki sleep team and a travel grant from the European Sleep Research Society. Publisher Copyright: © 2018 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.The neuroregulator adenosine is involved in sleep-wake control. Basal forebrain (BF) adenosine levels increase during sleep deprivation. Only a few studies have addressed the effect of sleep deprivation on extracellular adenosine concentrations in other brain regions. In this paper, we describe a microdialysis experiment as well as a meta-analysis of published data. The 64 h microdialysis experiment determined the extracellular adenosine and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) concentrations in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats before, during and after 12 h of sleep deprivation by forced locomotion. The meta-analysis comprised published sleep deprivation animal experiments measuring adenosine by means of microdialysis. In the animal experiment, the overall median adenosine concentration was 0.36 nM and ranged from 0.004 nM to 27 nM. No significant differences were observed between the five conditions: 12 h of washout, baseline light phase, baseline dark phase, 12 h of sleep deprivation and 12 h of subsequent recovery. The overall median AMP concentration was 0.10 nM and ranged from 0.001 nM to 7.56 nM. Median AMP concentration increased during sleep deprivation (T = 47; p = 0.047) but normalised during subsequent recovery. The meta-analysis indicates that BF dialysate adenosine concentrations increase with 74.7% (95% CI: 54.1-95.3%) over baseline during sleep deprivation. Cortex dialysate adenosine concentrations during sleep deprivation were so far only reported by 2 publications. The increase in adenosine during sleep deprivation might be specific to the BF. At this stage, the evidence for adenosine levels in other brain regions is based on single experiments and insufficient for generalised conclusions. Further experiments are currently still warranted.Peer reviewe

Characterization of primary normal and malignant breast cancer cell and their response to chemotherapy and immunostimulatory agents

Abstract Background The phenomenon of chemotherapy-resistant cancers has necessitated the development of new therapeutics as well as the identification of specific prognostic markers to predict the response to novel drugs. Primary cancer cells provide a model to study the multiplicity of tumourigenic transformation, to investigate alterations of the cellular response to various molecular stimuli, and to test therapeutics for cancer treatment. Methods Here, we developed primary cultures of human breast tissue – normal cells (BN1), cancer cells (BC5), and cells from a chemotherapy-treated tumour (BrCCh1) to compare their response to conventional chemotherapeutics and to innate immunity stimulators with that of the immortalized breast cells MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and MCF10A. Expression of the progesterone receptor (PGR), oestrogen receptor (ER) α and β, human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 2 and 3 and aromatase CYP19, as well as expression of interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 (IFIT3) mRNA in human breast cells were characterized. Results We revealed that BC5 carcinoma cells were PGRlow/ERbhigh/ERa−/Cyp19+, the BrCCh1 cells that originated from the recurrent tumour were PGR−/ERb+/ERa−/Cyp19+, and normal BN cells were PGR−/ERb+/ERa−/Cyp19high. The treatment of primary culture cells with antitumour therapeutics revealed that BrCCh1 cells were doxorubicine-resistant and sensitive to cisplatin. BC5 cells exhibited low sensitivity to tamoxifen and cisplatin. The innate immunity activators interferon-α and an artificial small nucleolar RNA analogue increased expression of IFIT3 at different levels in primary cells and in the immortalized breast cells MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and MCF10A. The relative level of activation of IFIT3 expression was inversely correlated with the baseline level of IFIT3 mRNA expression in breast cell lines. Conclusion Our data demonstrated that primary cancer cells are a useful model for the development of novel cancer treatments. Our findings suggest that expression of IFIT3 mRNA can be used as a prognostic marker of breast cancer cell sensitivity to immunostimulating therapeutics