Role of Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) in Industrial Development in Gujarat State

The SIDBI banks being an important nerve of modern organized society can play an important role in the SSIs transformation. They provide the infrastructure on which agriculture; industries and trade of nation depend. They can allocate available resources by mobilizing deposits and advancing credit into the best possible uses according to national priorities. By opening branches in unbanked and under-banked areas, the banks can spread magnetization, thereby introducing a larger market economy in place of natural economy. By providing loans to agriculture and small-scale sector they can solve the acute problems of unemployment and under employment. Hence banks can rightly be called the nation’s agents of economic development. But in developing countries like India the role of SIDBI is not confined to accepting deposits and advancing loans. They also accept, the accelerating flow of credit in accordance with the needs of SSI development. They have shifted from restricted old conservative policies to modern banking with lots of new techniques, which brings dynamism and innovation in their functioning. The Government of India and the State government have been pursuing a policy of protecting and promoting small-scale industries for a long time. Small scale industries have been accorded pride of place in the planned industrialisation process of the Indian economy, which is characterized by among other factors low productivity in the SSIs abundant labour and scarcity of capital. The Government of India felt that in spite of various incentives provided for backward areas by both the central and state governments industrial growth in backward areas has not been satisfactory mainly because of inadequacy of infrastructure. It therefore felt the need to have an institutional framework for expeditious improvement of existing infrastructural facilities and creation of new infrastructural facilities where there are not any

The use of genomic signature distance between bacteriophages and their hosts displays evolutionary relationships and phage growth cycle determination

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bacteriophage classification is mainly based on morphological traits and genome characteristics combined with host information and in some cases on phage growth lifestyle. A lack of molecular tools can impede more precise studies on phylogenetic relationships or even a taxonomic classification. The use of methods to analyze genome sequences without the requirement for homology has allowed advances in classification.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here, we proposed to use genome sequence signature to characterize bacteriophages and to compare them to their host genome signature in order to obtain host-phage relationships and information on their lifestyle. We analyze the host-phage relationships in the four most representative groups of Caudoviridae, the dsDNA group of phages. We demonstrate that the use of phage genomic signature and its comparison with that of the host allows a grouping of phages and is also able to predict the host-phage relationships (lytic <it>vs</it>. temperate).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We can thus condense, in relatively simple figures, this phage information dispersed over many publications.</p

Multiplexed identification, quantification and genotyping of infectious agents using a semiconductor biochip

The emergence of pathogens resistant to existing antimicrobial drugs is a growing worldwide health crisis that threatens a return to the pre-antibiotic era. To decrease the overuse of antibiotics, molecular diagnostics systems are needed that can rapidly identify pathogens in a clinical sample and determine the presence of mutations that confer drug resistance at the point of care. We developed a fully integrated, miniaturized semiconductor biochip and closed-tube detection chemistry that performs multiplex nucleic acid amplification and sequence analysis. The approach had a high dynamic range of quantification of microbial load and was able to perform comprehensive mutation analysis on up to 1,000 sequences or strands simultaneously in <2 h. We detected and quantified multiple DNA and RNA respiratory viruses in clinical samples with complete concordance to a commercially available test. We also identified 54 drug-resistance-associated mutations that were present in six genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, all of which were confirmed by next-generation sequencing

Repression of RNA polymerase by the archaeo-viral regulator ORF145/RIP

Little is known about how archaeal viruses perturb the transcription machinery of their hosts. Here we provide the first example of an archaeo-viral transcription factor that directly targets the host RNA polymerase (RNAP) and efficiently represses its activity. ORF145 from the temperate Acidianus two-tailed virus (ATV) forms a high-affinity complex with RNAP by binding inside the DNA-binding channel where it locks the flexible RNAP clamp in one position. This counteracts the formation of transcription pre-initiation complexes in vitro and represses abortive and productive transcription initiation, as well as elongation. Both host and viral promoters are subjected to ORF145 repression. Thus, ORF145 has the properties of a global transcription repressor and its overexpression is toxic for Sulfolobus. On the basis of its properties, we have re-named ORF145 RNAP Inhibitory Protein (RIP)

Transmission electron microscopy of nanomaterials

119-124Transmission electron microscope (TEM) has emerged as a very powerful tool for probing the structure of metals and alloys because of its capability to provide morphological information, crystallographic details, and chemical composition of phases distributed on a very fine scale in a given microstructure. Convergent beam electron diffraction, nano or micro beam diffraction and selected area diffraction techniques have been used to obtain crystallographic information whereas structural information is obtained by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). With its multifaceted capabilities such as nano-beam diffraction, composition analysis and imaging abilities at angstrom level, TEM has emerged as an instrument for complete characterization of nano scale microstructure of materials. The use of TEM in the study of various types of nanomaterials is described in this paper.</b

EPIDEMIOLOGY BASED ETIOLOGICAL STUDY OF PEDIATRIC CATARACTS IN WESTERN INDIA

Background: Cataract is responsible for about 10% blindness among children in India. Etiology of cataract is not well defined especially for childhood cataracts and epidemiological data for Indian population is not available in details. Aim: This study was performed to survey the causes of childhood cataracts and to identify the preventable factors in four western states of India. Settings and design: The present study is a hospital-based, prospective study on 172 consecutive pediatric cataract patients. Material and Methods: Type of cataract was determined using slit-lamp bio-microscopy or operation microscope after mild general anesthesia especially on very young babies. Other anomalies of eye were determined using appropriate ophthalmic instruments. Parents of the patients were interviewed in their native language using a standardized questionnaire. Biochemical and microbiological tests such as for rubella, reducing sugar and blood glucose were also performed. Results: Out of 172 children, 88.4% had non-traumatic cataract and 11.6% had traumatic cataracts. Among non-traumatic cataracts, 7.2% were hereditary, 4.6% were due to congenital rubella syndrome, 15.1% were secondary and 73.0% were undetermined. In the group of undetermined cases, during pregnancy 67% of the mother had history of illness, and 22% had taken medications during pregnancy. Conclusions: Our study shows that nearly 12% of non-traumatic cataract is due to potentially preventable causes. Health education of women to childbearing age and school children can decrease incidence of pediatric cataracts

Transmission electron microscopy of nanomaterials

Transmission electron microscope (TEM) has emerged as a very powerful tool for probing the structure of metals and alloys because of its capability to provide morphological information, crystallographic details, and chemical composition of phases distributed on a very fine scale in a given microstructure. Convergent beam electron diffraction, nano or micro beam diffraction and selected area diffraction techniques have been used to obtain crystallographic information whereas structural information is obtained by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). With its multifaceted capabilities such as nano-beam diffraction, composition analysis and imaging abilities at angstrom level, TEM has emerged as an instrument for complete characterization of nano scale microstructure of materials. The use of TEM in the study of various types of nanomaterials is described in this paper