Lattice Energies from Hydration Enthalpies: Some acid-base and Structural Considerations

In the present work, using reference values for the hydration enthalpies for a series of mono, di, tri and tetra cations, as well as reference values for the lattice energies of a series of nono, di, tri and tetrahalides, it is shown that reliable lattice energies for such halides can be calculated by UPOT = (ΔHhyd+ + ΔHhyd-), by UPOT = (ΔHhyd+ + 2ΔHhyd-), by UPOT = (ΔHhyd+ + 3ΔHhyd-) or by UPOT = (ΔHhyd+ + 4ΔHhyd-) for mono, di, tri and tetrahalides, respectively. Linearized improved versions of such simply equations, parametrized in order to take into account factors such as dilution and entropic contributions, were also obtained. Lattice energies for a series of halides and other salts are calculated by using the obtained empirical equations, providing results in very good agreement with literature reference values. Furthermore, a series of empirical equations were derived, relating several acid-base parameters with lattice energy. It is shown that the cation and anion volumes (obtained by X-ray data), are very closely related with the cation and anion absolute hardness, that is, are very closely relates with the frontier (HOMO and LUMO) orbitals energies

Yurda Dönen İşçi Çocukları İçin Açılan Uyum Kursları ve Düşündürdükleri

Yurda Dönen İşçi Çocukları İçin Açılan Uyum Kursları ve Düşündürdükleri Türkiye'den yurtdışına resmen 1961 yılında Federal Almanya ile imzalanan «İşgücü Anlaşması» ile işçi gönderilmeye başlanmıştır. Halen yurtdışında bulunan nüfusun % 64,6’sı Federal Almanya’da % 6.4’ü Hollanda’da, % 6’sı Fransa’da bulunmaktadır. Arap ülkelerinde bulunan Türk nüfusu da yurt dışındaki nüfusun % 13,7’sini oluşturmaktadır. Yurt dışında bulunan toplam vatandaş sayısı 2,4 milyonu geçmektedir. Yurt dışında bulunan 0-19 yaş arasındaki işçi çocuğu sayısı 1984 yılında 862.000’i geçmiştir (DPT, 1985, ss. 317. 322)

Okul-Sanayi İşbirliği Neden Geliştirilmelidir?

Hür ve demokratik bir toplum olarak yaşamak isteyen her toplum teknolojisini geliştirmek suretiyle mal ve hizmet üretimini artırmak zorundadır. Bir ülkenin ekonomik gelişmesinin hızı ile o ülkedeki eğitim sisteminin niteliği arasında doğrudan ilişkiler bulunmaktadır. Becerikli insan gücünün, ekonomik ve teknolojik ihtiyaçlara göre eğitilmesinde tüm eğitim sistemiyle birlikte mesleki ve teknik eğitim sistemine daha büyük sorumluluklar düşmektedir

Spatiotemporal NF-κB dynamics encodes the position, amplitude, and duration of local immune inputs

Infected cells communicate through secreted signaling molecules like cytokines, which carry information about pathogens. How differences in cytokine secretion affect inflammatory signaling over space and how responding cells decode information from propagating cytokines are not understood. By computationally and experimentally studying NF-κB dynamics in cocultures of signal-sending cells (macrophages) and signal-receiving cells (fibroblasts), we find that cytokine signals are transmitted by wave-like propagation of NF-κB activity and create well-defined activation zones in responding cells. NF-κB dynamics in responding cells can simultaneously encode information about cytokine dose, duration, and distance to the cytokine source. Spatially resolved transcriptional analysis reveals that responding cells transmit local cytokine information to distance-specific proinflammatory gene expression patterns, creating "gene expression zones."Despite single-cell variability, the size and duration of the signaling zone are tightly controlled by the macrophage secretion profile. Our results highlight how macrophages tune cytokine secretion to control signal transmission distance and how inflammatory signaling interprets these signals in space and time

Low Depth Circuits for Efficient Homomorphic Sorting

We introduce a sorting scheme which is capable of efficiently sorting encrypted data without the secret key. The technique is obtained by focusing on the multiplicative depth of the sorting circuit alongside the more traditional metrics such as number of comparisons and number of iterations. The reduced depth allows much reduced noise growth and thereby makes it possible to select smaller parameter sizes in somewhat homomorphic encryption instantiations resulting in greater efficiency savings. We first consider a number of well known comparison based sorting algorithms as well as some sorting networks, and analyze their circuit implementations with respect to multiplicative depth. In what follows, we introduce a new ranking based sorting scheme and rigorously analyze the multiplicative depth complexity as $O(\log(N)+\log(\ell))$, where $N$ is the size of the array to be sorted and $\ell$ is the bit size of the array elements. Finally, we simulate our sorting scheme using a leveled/batched instantiation of a SWHE library. Our sorting scheme performs favorably over the analyzed classical sorting algorithms