Crescimento e fenologia de espécies de Jatropha durante a estação chuvosa Growth and phenology of species of Jatropha during the rainy season

Jatropha curcas L., Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill e Jatropha gossypiifolia L. são Euforbiáceas com potencial para produção de biodiesel e uso na indústria farmacêutica e em cosméticos. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliá-las em termos de crescimento e fenologia em pesquisa de campo. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualisados contendo na parcela 18 plantas e tendo área útil de 15 m². Nos estudos fenológicos das plantas foram consideradas as seguintes fases: estabelecimento/crescimento vegetativo, floração, frutificação e maturação/colheita. As fases fenológicas das espécies diferiram cronologicamente. Jatropha mollissima cresceu mais do que as outras espécies em altura de plantas enquanto Jatropha curcas cresceu mais em diâmetro caulinar. As maiores taxas de crescimento relativo em altura de plantas ocorreram durante o crescimento vegetativo com os maiores valores sendo registrados em Jatropha mollissima enquanto as maiores taxas de crescimento relativo, também no crescimento vegetativo, foram registradas em Jatropha curcas. As menores taxas de crescimento relativo em altura de plantas e diâmetro caulinar das espécies estudadas coincidiram com as fases reprodutivas.<br>Jatropha curcas L., Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill and Jatropha gossypiifolia L. are Euphorbiaceae with potential for biodiesel production and use in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The aim of this study was to evaluate these species in terms of growth and phenology in a field experiment. In this study an experimental design of randomized blocks was adopted. The experimental plot had 18 plants and a useful plot area of 15 m². In the phenological studies of plants the following phases were considered: establishment/vegetative growth, flowering, fruiting and ripening/harvest. The phenological stages of the species differed chronologically. Jatropha mollissima outgrew the others in plant height, while Jatropha curcas outgrew the others in stem diameter. The highest relative growth rates in plant height occurred during vegetative growth, with the highest values being recorded in Jatropha mollissima, while the greatest relative growth rates also in vegetative growth were recorded in Jatropha curcas. The lowest relative growth rates in plant height and stem diameter of the studied species coincided with the reproductive phases

<span style="mso-bidi-font-size:15.0pt;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold" lang="EN-US">Evaluation<span style="mso-bidi-font-size:15.0pt;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold" lang="EN-US"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:15.0pt; font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold" lang="EN-US">of<span style="mso-bidi-font-size:15.0pt;font-weight: normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold" lang="EN-US"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-size:15.0pt;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold" lang="EN-US">Antimicrobial and Modulatory activity<span style="mso-bidi-font-size:15.0pt;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold" lang="EN-US"> of the extract of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Richardia brasiliensis</i> Gomes </span></span></span></span></span></span>

619-622The emergence of resistant microorganisms and also the toxicity associated with antimicrobial drugs increase the need of research for new active principles. Richardia brasiliensis, a weed used popularly as an expectorant, antiemetic, and diaphoretic. The extracts have coumarins, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, alkaloids and resin, as secondary metabolites. The present study aimed to test the potential antimicrobial and modulator of the ethanolic and hexanic extracts of R. brasiliensis. The ethanolic and hexanic extracts were tested for their antimicrobial effect and in combination with aminoglycosides and antifungal against standard and multi-resistant microorganisms by the broth microdilution method with culture medium Brain Heart Infusion (BHI). It was observed that the association between antibiotics and ethanolic and hexanic extracts showed clinically relevant results on the tests with multi-resistant bacteria. The natural products from R. brasiliensis demonstrated a modulating action against the microorganisms used. These results can represent a new effort to combat antibiotic resistant bacteria. </span

Relação materno-filial da raça Morada Nova recebendo dietas com três níveis de energia, ao final da gestação Ewe-lambs relationship in Morada Nova breed under three energy levels at the end of gestation

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de energia ofertados no terço final da gestação sobre o comportamento materno-filial de animais da raça Morada Nova. O experimento consistiu de três tratamentos - três grupos de oito matrizes, alimentadas com dietas isoprotéicas contendo diferentes níveis energéticos (2,0; 2,4 e 2,8 Mcal EM/kg MS), com oito repetições cada. Observou-se efeito dos tratamentos sobre as variáveis comportamentais maternas avaliadas (vocalização, ato de cheirar e lamber a cria e a posição da ovelha em - pé ou deitada), nas ovelhas, mas não foi observada diferença para os comportamentos filiais (posição da cria, tempo decorrido do nascimento à primeira vez que ficou de pé, tempo decorrido do nascimento à primeira mamada, tempo total de mamadas) dos cordeiros. A mobilização de reservas ou o carreamento direto de nutrientes da dieta para o crescimento fetal normal, nos grupos alimentos com dietas contendo 2,0 e 2,4 Mcal EM/kg MS, minimizaram os possíveis efeitos sobre o comportamento filial dos cordeiros. Mesmo sob interferência no relacionamento com as crias, ovelhas Morada Nova conseguiram manter as condições dos cordeiros inalteradas em todos os tratamentos.<br>The present work was carried out with the objective to evaluate the effects of different energy levels offered in the final third of gestation on the ewe-lambs behavior of animals from the Morada Nova breed. The experiment was divided into three treatments - three groups of eight ewes, fed isoprotein diets containing different energy levels (2.0, 2.4, and 2.8 Mcal ME/kg DM), with eight replicates each. There was effect of the treatment on the maternal behavior evaluated variables (vocalization, act of smell and lick the lambs and the position of the ewe - stand up or lying), in the ewes, but no difference was observed for the filial behavior (position of animal, time from the birth to the first time that the animal was up, time from the birth to the first sucking and total time sucking) of the lambs. The mobilization of reserves or the direct carrying of nutrients of the diet for normal fetal growth, in the groups fed with diets containing 2.0 and 2.4 Mcal ME/kg DM, minimized the possible effects on the filial behavior of lambs. The mobilization of reserves or direct carry of nutrients of the diet for normal fetal growth, in the groups fed with diets containing 2.0 and 2.4 Mcal ME/kg DM, minimized the possible effect on the filial behavior of lambs. Despite the interference in their relationship with the kids, ewes Morada Nova attained to keep the conditions of the lambs unchanged in all treatments

Records of performance and sanitary status from a dairy cattle herd in southern Brazil

Over the last decades, the emphasis on the health of dairy cows has changed from an individual to a herd level. In this scenario, the role played by the recording system and its interpretation by veterinarians has gained primordial importance. The records of productive and reproductive performance and of sanitary status from a southern Brazilian dairy cattle herd have been presented and discussed. The period of study was 2000-2009. Mean values per lactation period were 349D 8436M 290F 275P 201SCS (D: days in lactation, M: kg of milk yield, F: kg of fat, P: kg of protein and SCS: somatic cell score in 1000 cells/ml of milk). Major indexes of reproductive efficiency included age at first calving (31 months), services per conception (2.1), intercalving interval (428 days), calving to conception interval (146 days), mean annual rates of parturitions (76.2%), fetal losses (9.8-19.0%), and stillbirths (3.6%), apart of voluntary waiting period (94 days). Main information on sanitary status of the herd was associated with the mean prevalence of common disorders of dairy cattle such as anaplasmosis (29.8%), mastitis (27.8%), digital diseases (26.3%), ovarian cysts (21.3%), placental retention (19.7%), postpartum uterine infections (10.6%), and calf diarrhea (23.7%) and pneumonia (16.8%), among others. In addition, culling reasons (low reproductive performance [56.3%] and udder/mastitis problems [33.6%]), causes of cattle deaths (anaplasmosis [16.4%] and leukosis [11.4]), and the impact of cattle diseases such as tuberculosis, leukosis, and neosporosis on the herd have also been presented and succinctly discussed. Numbers between brackets represent rates accumulated in the 10-year period