Die Syntax der "Pis'ma russkogo putešestvennika" von N. M. Karamzin

N.M. Karamzin's "Pis'ma russkogo putešestvennika" (hereinafter PRP) occupy a special place in the history of Russian language and literature. Since their publication as a continuation novel in "Moskovskiy Žurnal" from 1791-1792 (in the following MŽ 1) they are considered both the first realization of the "novyj slog" (new language / new style) as well as the beginning of Russian sentimentalism. Both assumptions are controversial. The present work should contribute to the clarification of contentious questions by providing a detailed description of the syntactic facts in the main work of Karamzin for the first time.N. M. Karamzins "Pis'ma russkogo putešestvennika" (im folgenden PRP) nehmen in der Geschichte der russischen Sprache und Literatur einen besonderen Platz ein. Seit ihrem Erscheinen als Fortsetzungsroman im "Moskovskij Žurnal" von 1791-1792 (im folgenden MŽ 1) gelten sie sowohl als erste Realisierung des "novyj slog" (neue Sprache/neuer Stil) als auch als Beginn des russischen Sentimentalismus. Beide Annahmen sind umstritten. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll hier insofern einen Beitrag zur Klärung strittiger Fragen leisten, als sie erstmals eine detaillierte Beschreibung der syntaktischen Tatsachen im Hauptwerk Karamzins liefert

Die Syntax der "Pis'ma russkogo putešestvennika" von N. M. Karamzin

N.M. Karamzin's "Pis'ma russkogo putešestvennika" (hereinafter PRP) occupy a special place in the history of Russian language and literature. Since their publication as a continuation novel in "Moskovskiy Žurnal" from 1791-1792 (in the following MŽ 1) they are considered both the first realization of the "novyj slog" (new language / new style) as well as the beginning of Russian sentimentalism. Both assumptions are controversial. The present work should contribute to the clarification of contentious questions by providing a detailed description of the syntactic facts in the main work of Karamzin for the first time

Accessibility standards and laws : implementation for successful digital education within the Eurozone

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities defines the right to equal opportunities for all citizens. Article 21 of the convention details how the accessibility of information and communications should be ensured in practice. As a result of the convention, international, European and national policies, standards and law have been established, creating a legal and binding framework for compliance. This paper considers the current standardisation for digital accessibility and laws of the European Union member states, in particular Ireland, France and Spain in relation to compliance for digital educational practices. In view of the IMPACT (Inclusive Method based on the Perception of Accessibility and Compliance Testing) project, the paper will assess the level of compliance with digital accessibility standards at regional level within the aforementioned Eurozone Member States. The authors will address the current accessibility requirements and outline support and training strategies to support professional digital content creators and educators in conformance with existing guidelines and requirements

Refactoring software development process terminology through the use of ontology

In work that is ongoing, the authors are examining the extent of software development process terminology drift. Initial findings suggest there is a degree of term confusion, with the mapping of concepts to terms lacking precision in some instances. Ontologies are concerned with identifying the concepts of relevance to a field of endeavour and mapping those concepts to terms such that term confusion is reduced. In this paper, we discuss how ontologies are developed. We also identify various sources of software process terminology. Our work to date indicates that the systematic development of a software development process ontology would be of benefit to the entire software development community. The development of such an ontology would in effect represent a systematic refactoring of the terminology and concepts produced over four decades of software process innovation

There Is No Knowledge Without Terminology. How Terminological Methods and Tools Can Help to Manage Monolingual and Multilingual Knowledge and Communication

The paper presents “10 good reasons for terminology” in any expert field and any language(s) by discussing the areas of application in the public and the private sector as well as in science and education. After a short introduction on the history of terminology, the term “ontology” will be discussed, as one of the key terms in current knowledge engineering and terminology. The paper gives an overview on means and methods of assuring and improving the quality of knowledge generation, communication and management through terminology. Also, it introduces the main standards, players and experts in the terminology community, such as the International Network for Terminology (www.termnet.org)

Terminology and Technical Documentation Management: Safety and Security for Industry and Engineering Environments

The efficient and effective use of specialised language is a prerequisite for successful communication in industry, education and scientific communities. But specialised communication is not only crucial for basic functions in the society as health and democracy but plays a crucial role in engineering /automotive/industry environments, where the terminology management has a direct impact for security and safety issues. Terminology management can have an impact on safety and security issues and, as a consequence, on the liability of products and services. The manufacturer is legally responsible for the manual towards the end-user. The usermanual is an integral part of the product. In order to avoid safety and quality issues, technical documentation needs to be managed and quality needs to be measured. However, there is a correlation between process quality, service quality and product quality. Whenever organisations design their business processes and work-flows according to general or industry-relevant quality standards, this has an influence (both direct and indirect) on the quality of their processes, products and services. Terminology management, quality assurance in technical documentation, state-of-the-art standards and training and qualification of professionals are key. Whenever an organisation tackles one or two or all three of these aspects, this has an impact on the other aspects or the entire quality system.status: publishe

Diversity and PERMA-nent Positive Leadership to Benefit from Industry 4.0 and Kondratieff 6.0

International audienc

Translation challenges in a multilingual society: Legal documentation in Belgium

Purpose This paper wants to propose a system architecture for a context-sensitive terminology management system (TMS) in the domain of legal LSP. The TMS is expected to meet the needs of the translation services in the Belgian Federal Public Service of Justice in that our TMS will allow to search, (re)use and edit each term in its customized archetypical phraseological context. In a second part, we propose to link this TMS to EN 15038, the EU standard on Translation Services, which has been developed to streamline translation projects aiming to deliver more efficient multilingual LSP documentation. Method In a first step, automatic knowledge acquisition algorithms will be developed to mine context-sensitive terminological information from the online corpora of legal translations. In a second step, a feed-back loop between interface developers and expert users will be set up to optimize user access to the contextualized terminological knowledge base during the actual translation process. To meet these requirements, there will be an intense co-operation between terminologists, the developers of the knowledge extraction algorithms, database and software engineers, and expert users. Results The TMS is expected to display an interface offering the look-and-feel of a standard desktop CAT-tool. The actual application will run remotely on a server in a cloud-based architecture which will be available via an online interface. As a collaborative working environment, the tool will allow extensive and real-time interactive user management. Conclusion This paper analyses the challenges legal translators are facing in the Belgian Federal Public Service of Justice. At present, translation-oriented authoring and translation proper of legal documentation are being carried out on an ad-hoc basis. An R&D project has been set up to design a TMS which is expected to deliver correct and consistent legal terminology and collocations in both source and target languages.status: publishe

Forming a European Innovation Cluster as a Think Tank and Knowledge Pool

International audienc

Surfactant assisted chemical vapour generation of silver for AAS and ICP-OES: a mechanistic study

A chemical vapour generation (CVG) procedure for the production of volatile species of Ag was developed and studied using AAS and ICP-OES detection. A characteristic mass of 0.12 ng was achieved using a miniature diffusion flame atomizer-AAS system, whereas a 38-fold higher sensitivity (as cps per ng of introduced analyte) compared with conventional liquid nebulization was obtained with ICP-OES. The overall efficiency of introduction of Ag to the plasma was verified to be over 20%. More than one order of magnitude enhancement of efficiency was obtained by the addition of a surfactant (Triton X-100 in combination with an antifoaming agent), the effect of which, however, cannot be ascribed to the formation of organized media. Experiments concerning the mechanism of the CVG, transport and memory effect are discussed: Ag CVG is not a simple one-step process as is the case for CVG of selenium, but rather a two-step procedure. Transport properties of the volatile Ag species resemble more the transport of the liquid aerosol than a simple gaseous species such as H2Se. Possible alternatives concerning the identity of the volatile metal species are presented.NRC publication: Ye