Altmetrics and Open Access

Altmetrics, in contrast to traditional metrics, measure the societal impact research outputs have on the public in general, using social media platforms as their primary data sources. In this study, differences in Altmetric Scores between open and closed access articles of German research institutions in the field of natural sciences have been analyzed. For this investigation data from the years 2013 to 2017 was gathered from Web of Science, Altmetric.com and Unpaywall. Results indicated that articles published in open access gain higher Altmetric Attention Scores compared to articles behind subscription paywalls, although the difference was statistically not significant. Research outputs published in gold open access had the highest scores, followed by articles in green and then hybrid open access. Furthermore, articles by publishers with higher percentages of open access content gained higher Altmetric Attention Scores than articles distributed by those with medium or low percentages. In a future study additional databases could be included as well as data from years to come. Moreover, a comparable study for the field of humanities would be conceivable, including other document types such as books or contributions in anthologies as well.Altmetrics messen, im Gegensatz zu traditionellen Metriken, den Einfluss von Forschungsergebnissen auf die breite Gesellschaft und nutzen dafür vor allem Social- Media-Plattformen als Datenquelle. In dieser Studie wurden Unterschiede in Altmetric Scores von in Open und Closed Access publizierten Artikeln deutscher Forschungseinrichtungen in den Naturwissenschaften untersucht. Hierfür wurden Daten der Jahre 2013 bis 2017 von Web of Science, Altmetric.com und Unpaywall gesammelt. Die Ergebnisse wiesen darauf hin, dass Artikel in Open Access höhere Altmetric Attention Scores erhalten als Artikel hinter Bezahlschranken. Eine statistische Signifikanz dieser Ergebnisse konnte jedoch nicht nachgewiesen werden. In Gold Open Access publizierte Forschungsergebnisse erreichten die höchsten Werte, gefolgt von in Green und Hybrid Open Access publizierten Artikeln. Zudem wiesen Artikel, die von Verlagen mit hohen Anteilen an Open Access-Inhalten veröffentlicht wurden, höhere Scores auf als jene von Verlagen mit mittleren bis niedrigen Anteilen. In zukünftige umfassendere Studien könnten zusätzliche Datenbanken einbezogen werden sowie Daten aus den kommenden Jahren. Zudem wäre eine vergleichbare Studie für die Geisteswissenschaften denkbar, unter Einbezug weiterer Dokumententypen wie Büchern und Beiträgen in Sammelbänden

My journey: 'race', the sciences, and gender

The paper starts from the problem that politics and everyday interaction to counter discrimination on grounds of racial or gender difference use the categories of race and gender, thus possibly reinforcing the belief that these differences are real not only in a social but also in a biological sense, thus implying an unchangeable difference between humans. Using examples from 1920’s pre-Nazi Germany popularisation of racial thought it argues for a conscious and context dependent use and critique of “race” and for a critical investigation of the historical contingencies of the creation and use of “race” as a scientific category

Making the Transition from OO Analysis to OO Design with the Unified Process

The current momentum for object oriented (OO) development in industry makes OO techniques worthy of attention. Information systems researchers and practitioners are increasingly using constructs such as use cases and class diagrams to define system requirements. A glaring weakness in the literature is the lack of useful guidelines and strategies for taking a relatively high level OO requirements model and translating it into an implementable architecture and detailed OO design. This tutorial paper demonstrates techniques for bridging the gap between OO requirements models and detailed OO design drawing on the framework provided by the Unified Process (UP) and based on concepts and techniques developed by researchers working on OO design patterns. The examples provided illustrate the transition from requirements, to architecture, to detailed design, and on to program code for one UP iteration

Offerings for the KAS of six ladies: British Museum Stela No. 1679

U radu je publikovana stela London, BM 1679. Darovna formula (raspored elemenata, epigrafske karakteristike), ikonografski elementi i onomastika ukazuju na to da spomenik pripada periodu poznog Srednjeg carstva. Stela je verovatno deo porodične votivne kapele, kakve su često podizane u Abidosu u vreme Srednjeg carstva, na šta ukazuje rekonstruisana genealogija ženskih članova porodice neimenovanog dostojanstvenika.Publication of an element of a Middle Kingdom Stela-Chapel London, BM EA 1679, including comments on the style, iconography, paleography, and dating criteria

Contemporary Approaches and Techniques for the Systems Analyst

A recent survey of methodologies and techniques currently used in organiz.ations for developing information systems indicates significant trends that call for a revision of the Information Systems (IS) Systems Analysis and Design (SA&D) course to define what methodologies, techniques, models, and tools need to be taught. As authors of analysis and design textbooks, we are particularly concerned about these trends, as are all who are involved in information systems educational programs. Each program needs to consider how to incorporate three fundamental changes on the SA&D curriculum - the growing popularity ofobject-oriented techniques, the emergence of the iterative approach, and the increasing adoption of the agile approach. This article discusses these three fundamental changes and references research describing the recent trends. Based on this research and on our experience teaching and writing about analysis and design, we make some recommendations. Given the vast number of topics in analysis and design, it is time to seriously consider including two courses in the IS curriculum that can deal with the breadth of the system related topics in the contemporary environment. In terms of functional requirements and analysis issues, we argue for employing a use case driven approach. We recommend that the SA&D courses use Unified Modeling Language (UML) whenever possible for modeling; however, we note some of the usability problems of UML. We suggest that the time has come to drop the data flow diagram (DFD). We also consider the impacts of the outsourcing trend on the course coverage

The Benefits of Object Oriented Development: Toward a Framework for Evaluation

This paper describes the initial efforts to explore the benefits of OO development by describing a framework for categorizing benefits based on phases of system development and by level of analysis. The level of analysis of OO benefits can be the enterprise level, the project level, and the individual developer level. The framework was tested by conducting structured interviews with information systems professionals to assess their perceptions of the reasons for selecting OO technology and OO benefits at the three levels of analysis. The initial results indicate that OO is selected for use for a variety of reasons, but primarily because of perceived productivity benefits. The greatest benefit is thought to be at the enterprise level or project level, with fewer benefits for the individual programmer. Of the benefits often mentioned in the literature, OO being a more natural way of thinking for developers did not appear to be supported