Levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-βin mammary glands obtained from parous rats treated with insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I (P-IGF-I), untreated parous rats (P-Un), and age-matched virgin rats (AMV)

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I obliterates the pregnancy-associated protection against mammary carcinogenesis in rats: evidence that IGF-I enhances cancer progression through estrogen receptor-α activation via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway"</p><p>Breast Cancer Research 2004;6(4):R423-R436.</p><p>Published online 4 Jun 2004</p><p>PMCID:PMC468665.</p><p>Copyright © 2004 Thordardson et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original URL.</p> The IGF-I treatment (0.66 mg/kg body weight/day) was continued for 7 days before samples were collected. Protein samples (100 μg/lane) were electrophorized on a 20% SDS-PAGE; Western blot analysis was carried out using a specific anti-TGF-βantibody (GF16; Oncogene Research Product, San Diego, CA, USA) and specific protein bands detected using enhanced chemiluminescence reagents. The upper image shows the results of the Western blot analysis and the bar chart shows the quantitation and statistical analysis of the results. Values are expressed as mean ± standard error. *< 0.05 versus P-Un and P-IGF-I

Western blot analysis showing estrogen receptor (ER)-α expression in mammary gland extracts from parous rats treated with insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I (P-IGF-I), untreated parous rats (P-Un), and age-matched virgin rats (AMV)

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I obliterates the pregnancy-associated protection against mammary carcinogenesis in rats: evidence that IGF-I enhances cancer progression through estrogen receptor-α activation via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway"</p><p>Breast Cancer Research 2004;6(4):R423-R436.</p><p>Published online 4 Jun 2004</p><p>PMCID:PMC468665.</p><p>Copyright © 2004 Thordardson et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original URL.</p> The IGF-I treatment (0.66 mg/kg body weight/day) was continued for 7 days before samples were collected. The protein samples (100 μg/lane) were electrophorized on 7.5% SDS-PAGE, transferred to PVDF membrane, and probed with antibody specific to ER-α(Ab-15; NeoMarkers Inc., Fremont, CA, USA). Protein bands were detected using enhanced chemiluminescence reagents (upper image) and quantified using the ImageJ (version 1.24o; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) image analysis program (bar chart). Values are expressed as mean ± standard error. *< 0.05 versus P-IGF-I and P-Un