Solutions to the Navier-Stokes Equations in a Non-Inertial Reference Frame

A general rotating frame formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations has been added to the incompressible and arbitrary Mach number versions of UNCLE. While eliminating the need for moving grids, this formulation also reduces the error caused by linear approximations of rotational motion. The formulation is validated for single axis rotations by comparing the simulations of a marine propeller and an isolated helicopter rotor with experimental data. A simulation of the helicopter rotor in pitching motion is also performed. Results are compared between the non-inertial reference frame formulation and absolute frame solver for a prolate spheroid with all the components of angular velocity. The use of the non-inertial reference frame promises a faster and more accurate six-degree-ofreedom simulations

FPGA Implementation & Performance Comparision of Various High Speed unsigned Binary Multipliers using VHDL

Today, most of the DSP computations involve the use of multiply accumulate operations and therefore the design of fast and efficient multipliers is imperative. The addition and multiplication of two binary numbers is the fundamental and most often used arithmetic operation in microprocessors, digital signal processors and data-processing application-specific integrated circuits. In this paper, we present the study of different types of multipliers by comparing the speed and area of each. In this work, VHDL coding and XILINX ISE Simulator is employed to implement multipliers like WTM, Dadda Multiplier, Vedic Multiplier, CSHM, Serial Multiplier and Multipliers using different compressors in Wallace tree architecture. The analysis of this work would be helpful to choose a better multiplier in order to fabricate an efficient system

Modified tutorials in Pharmacology for Medical students using case based learning and multiple choice questions

Background: Active student centred learning is the need of the hour. Objectives being to compare the difference in the post test scores between students exposed to Case based learning (CBL) and Multiple choice questions (MCQ) (learning tool) during tutorials in Pharmacology for 2nd MBBS students. To understand the perception of students regarding teaching learning tools used in the study.Methods: This was a mixed methods study. Sixty eight students were divided into 2 groups. Hypertension and angina was discussed as CBL for Group 1 and as MCQ (Learning tool) for Group 2. One week later, cross over was done, Thyroid and Diabetes was discussed as MCQ for Group 1 and as CBL for Group 2. Post-test MCQ, pre validated questions (Likert scale) and open ended questions (qualitative) were distributed. Statistical Analysis: Difference in the post test scores in both the groups was analyzed using independent sample t test.Results: There was no significant difference in post test scores between CBL and MCQ groups. Questionnaire analysis suggested that both the methods provoked self-learning (45%). Thematic analysis demonstrated the positive experiences like motivated self-learning, clinical application, better understanding than theory classes and drawbacks being time consuming and fear of presentation.Conclusions: Since the study included both qualitative and quantitative analysis, the results can be elucidated comprehensively. This study implies that CBL and MCQ are effective and can be implemented into the curriculum of Pharmacology. This study can serve as an evidence to incorporate these tools in the curriculum

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Depression among School Going Adolescents in Bengaluru: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction:The period of adolescence involves a lot of emotional changes as it is a period of transition to adulthood demanding independence.Adolescents with depression are more likely to have anxiety, disruptive behavior disorder and substance abuse when compared to those who are not depressed. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of depression among school going adolescents.and to assess the factors associated with depression among them. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among school going adolescents aged 13-16 years in the urban field practice area of a Medical College. Depression was assessed using Beck’s depression inventory (BDI). Total 896 adolescents were included in this study. Single stage cluster sampling method was done in which schools were considered as clusters and students constituted the sampling units. Schools were selected by simple random sampling technique using lottery method. Results: In this study about 45.2% of the adolescents had depressive disorder, out of which mild depression was reported among 22.2% students, 12.4% moderately depressed and 10.6% severe depression. Factors like mother’s education, lack of communication by father and mother with their children, lack of needs satisfied by the fathers of the adolescents (61.9%), father’s role in adolescents’ life (62%) and domestic violence in family (69.7%) were some of the important reasons for developing depression among adolescents. Adolescent whose parents were having conflict (69.2%) were found be depressed when compared to those adolescents whose parents had no conflicts this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of depression was found to be 45.2%. Finding of the study emphasizes the need for creating awareness about the early identification of behavioral changes leading to depression among adolescents by the parents and teachers. It is also important to emphasize to the parents on how their relationship and behavior towards the family affects the mental wellbeing of the adolescents

Cemented hemi-arthroplasty for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly: a retrospective study

Background: Unstable intertrochanteric fractures belonging to 31A2 and A3 varieties are difficult challenges for orthopaedic surgeons, particularly in the elderly patients. Osteosynthesis by dynamic hip screw or proximal femoral nail are often plagued by complications like screw cut-out, excessive collapse and fixation failures due to osteoporotic bones. Because of these complications, patients are often kept confined to the bed which may increase the risks of pressure sores, venous thrombosis and pulmonary infections. So, it is desirable to mobilize these elderly patients as quickly as possible following surgery. In recent decades, primary hemi-arthroplasty has emerged as a valuable treatment option for mobilizing these patients early.Methods: We present our retrospective study on 27 patients above 60 years of age, who were managed with cemented bipolar hemi-arthroplasty after sustaining unstable intertrochanteric fractures. All the patients were operated through modified Hardinge approach. The fractured fragments were secured by stainless steel wiring, particularly the greater trochanter, wherever necessary.Results: Twenty-three patients (85%) were able to stand up with walkers by third post-operative day and were able to walk by fifth post-operative day. There was one case of hip dislocation; it was reduced under anaesthesia. No other complications were encountered at an average follow-up of 3.1 years. The Harris hip score was ‘good’ or ‘excellent’ in more than 60% patients.Conclusions: Cemented hemi-arthroplasty appears to be a reliable treatment method for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly and it allows early weight-bearing and rehabilitation in most patients following surgery.

Review on automatic generation control strategies for stabilising the frequency deviations in multi-area power system

This paper reviews on the function of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) as an intelligent mechanism in enhancing electrical power systems dynamic performance at various perturbations; by sustaining the frequency and tie-line power within the scheduled limits. The review discloses the investigation on the flexible ac transmission system (FACTS), soft computing-based optimisation techniques, centralised approaches, decentralised methods, adaptive control approaches, and robust control techniques in AGC systems. Furthermore, the discussion focuses on applications of AGC with energy storage systems (ESS), high voltage direct current (HVDC) link, distributed generation, microgrids, and smart grids, in both traditional and liberalised power systems. Eventually, this paper concludes by highlighting the economic load dispatch methods, load forecasting methods, and digital control approach in AGC systems

Foliar feeding of boron influencing biochemical attributes and enzyme activity in dragon fruit (Selenicereus monacanthus)

Boron plays crucial role in metabolic processes during fruit ripening and in turn ensures better fruit quality. However limited studies have been conducted to assess the influence of boron on fruit quality of dragon fruit. In the present study, the efficacy of boron was investigated on red-fleshed dragon fruit (Selenicereus monacanthus). Four levels of boron (100 mgL-1, 200 mgL-1, 300 mgL-1 and 400 mgL-1) were applied on 7- and 14-day-old flower buds. The highest pollen germinability, seed weight, fruit weight (274.32 ± 36.72g), pulp content (70.80 ± 1.79%) and pulp firmness (2.74 ± 0.18 N) were recorded when B was applied@300 mg L-1 on 7-day old flower bud. The same treatment also manifested higher soluble solid contents (17.42 ± 0.62 °Brix), sugar content, total carbohydrate (15.92 ± 1.12%), protein (1.33±0.11%), ascorbic acid (112.66 ± 4.98 µg/g), betacyanin (32.86±2.52 µg/g), total phenol (95.26 ± 3.72 µg GAE/ 100g), total flavonoid (37.65 ±2.14 mg QE/100g) and anti-oxidative activity (27.71±2.14 mM Fe II/100g). Correlation studies elucidated significant positive influence of pollen germinability on fruit weight, pulp content and pulp firmness. The activities of α-amylase, invertase and sucrose synthase enzymes were significantly upregulated with the application of B 300 mg L-1 on 7-day old flower bud. On the other hand, the activities of cell wall degrading enzymes such as cellulase, polygalacturonase and pectin methyl esterase were reduced with increasing levels of boron. The principal component analysis (PCA) illustrated the maximal proximity of most of the quality attributes with B 300 mgL-1, applied at 7-day old flower bud stage, thus exemplifying it as the best treatment

Security Issues in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Abstract In this survey paper we have studied about different Mobile Adhoc networks in the infrastructure less wireless network. In a network the mobile nodes move rapidly from one node to the another. The application of MANET requires very good efficient group communication for the data transfer. The security constraints taking place in the MANET is very low when compared to the wired network. This survey paper is discussing not only the the different Mobile Ad-hoc networks, but also about the different attacks in the MANET layers. These attacks in the MANET layers are may be active or passive. The passive attacks does not alter by the attacker. The main focus of the active attacks is on the network layer protocols

Eco-Friendly Preservation of Bamboo Species: Traditional to Modern Techniques

The continuous depletion of forests calls for the astute usage of existing resources. Fungi and termites cause serious damage to biomass under storage and service conditions. Various protective treatments with high amounts of toxic chemicals are used by the wood and bamboo industry. Efforts are being made the world over to develop environmentally friendly preservatives for wood and bamboo species. Recent research highlights the potential and effectiveness of traditional practices and procedures, mainly water leaching technique and smoke treatment. Under laboratory conditions, the service life of treated blocks were found to be at a par with commercial chemical preservative treated blocks. Various plant extracts and oil-based formulations, such as organic acids, essential oils, and eco-friendly chemical-based preservatives, are in the stage of development. The bio-efficacy of such preservatives is measured in terms of the improvement in resistance to fungi and termites. However, much work still needs to be done to completely determine the efficacy of many of these newly developed preservatives and techniques. The present paper discusses an overview of the developments in the field of environment-friendly biomass preservatives