South Dakota Municipalities: 1986 Population Estimates

More South Dakota towns lost people during the 6 years between 1980 and 1986 than during the 1970s. During the 70s 55% (171 of 312) of towns lost population. During the following 6 years, 63.8% (197 of 309) declined in population. In spite of these losses, the total population of South Dakota municipalities grew by 3 .3% (14, 526 persons). Metropolitan cities (Sioux Falls and Rapid City) grew by 19,995, offsetting much of the losses of the 197 municipalities that lost population

History and Acculturation of the Dakota Indians

In order to fully understand and appreciate those events which led to the final submission of the American Indian to the majority white culture, it is necessary to look to the historical antecedents predating white Indian contact. The original ways of living of the American Indian are not easily understood by the modern man who believes the material progress of his generation to be the highest advancement of civilization. In all societies there is a strong tendency for the majority group to assume that its values, attitudes, and behavior are superior in all regards to the habit patterns and customs that dominate the lives of minority groups. They are suspicious of strange practices which conflict with their ideas of the appropriate and correct ways of living. If they exhibit some curiosity about the customs of the minority, they are usually anxious to learn of them for the purpose of making an invidious comparison with their practices. It is the unusual person who is able to suppress his own prejudices and view clearly the ways of minorities through the value system of the minority group rather than through his own pattern of beliefs. Often one hears that such behavior as alcoholism, sexual promiscuity, unemployment, suicide, etc., when exhibited by Indians, is but a carry-over from the old culture which was typified by such characteristics. Nothing could be further from the truth. The traditional cultures of the American Indian possessed many of the same values and virtues upheld by the protestant ethic. Such deviant behavior must be seen as a result of an acculturation process which denied the American Indian the right to retain those institutions of family, religion, and economics which served to uphold his traditional values. Such behavioral patterns as reflected in high rates of alcoholism, suicide, and unemployment are fairly recent phenomena in the life of Indian people. Through a better understanding of the lasting traditional culture of one group of American Indians, the Dakota, it is hoped that such misconceptions of cause and effect may be alleviated

The literature of low g propellant behavior

Annotated bibliography on low-g liquid propellant behavio

Population Update, Report Number 9: South Dakota Population: Age and Sex Structure, 1970-1980

This bulletin is a response to the numerous requests for an up-date on information for the age and sex composition of South Dakota\u27s population. As local leaders and citizens grapple with the complex problems facing their communities today they need to know more than the total number of people in their area. They need to know the number of males and females in each age group. A knowledge of the age-sex composition of the population and how it is changing is essential to deal effectively with the complex issue of taxation, school enrollment, pollution, health, welfare and medical services. It is precisely with these needs in mind that the authors designed the present bulletin -- its main purpose being to make age and sex composition information on South Dakota\u27s population available in a readily useable form

South Dakota Population, Housing and Farm Census Facts

Every day, school board officials, county agents, legislators, mayors, teachers, business men and women, and other community leaders make decisions that need to be based on reliable, up-to-date information. This report, an update of an earlier publication, provides social indicators- facts and trends which describe the social landscape-for each county in South Dakota

South Dakota Sex and Age Structure, 1980-1990

Age and sex structure of a population plays a critical role in determining the needs and lifestyle of that population. One community, for example, may have a high number of children and youth, a sure indicator of need for teachers and schools; another community may have a high proportion of elderly, indicating a greater need for medical services. People of different ages or gender also may have different consumer preferences. When business leaders and community leaders know the age and sex structure of their community, they can use that information to help direct resources toward meeting particular needs in education, housing, recreation, and medical and social services. Although no two communities are likely to have identical age and sex structures, there are general patterns that are helpful for identifying potential population needs. Population pyramids and indices are useful for illustrating these patterns

State-of-the-art Model M-2 Maintenance System

The Model M-2 Maintenance System is part of an ongoing program within the Consolidated Fuel Reprocessing Program (CFRP) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to improve remote manipulation technology for future nuclear fuel reprocessing and other remote applications. Techniques, equipment, and guidelines which can improve the efficiency of remote maintenance are being developed. The Model M-2 Maintenance System, installed in the Integrated Equipment Test (IET) Facility at ORNL, provides a complete, integrated remote maintenance system for the demonstration and development of remote maintenance techniques. The system comprises a pair of force-reflecting servomanipulator arms, television viewing, lighting, and auxiliary lifting capabilities, thereby allowing manlike maintenance operations to be executed remotely within the remote cell mockup area in the IET. The Model M-2 Maintenance System incorporates an upgraded version of the proven Central Research Laboratories' Model M servomanipulator. Included are state-of-the-art brushless dc servomotors for improved performance, remotely removable wrist assemblies, geared azimuth drive, and a distributed microprocessor-based digital control system. 5 references, 8 figures

A Novel Strategy Involved Anti-Oxidative Defense: The Conversion of NADH into NADPH by a Metabolic Network

The reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is pivotal to the cellular anti-oxidative defence strategies in most organisms. Although its production mediated by different enzyme systems has been relatively well-studied, metabolic networks dedicated to the biogenesis of NADPH have not been fully characterized. In this report, a metabolic pathway that promotes the conversion of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a pro-oxidant into NADPH has been uncovered in Pseudomonas fluorescens exposed to oxidative stress. Enzymes such as pyruvate carboxylase (PC), malic enzyme (ME), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), malate synthase (MS), and isocitrate lyase (ICL) that are involved in disparate metabolic modules, converged to create a metabolic network aimed at the transformation of NADH into NADPH. The downregulation of phosphoenol carboxykinase (PEPCK) and the upregulation of pyruvate kinase (PK) ensured that this metabolic cycle fixed NADH into NADPH to combat the oxidative stress triggered by the menadione insult. This is the first demonstration of a metabolic network invoked to generate NADPH from NADH, a process that may be very effective in combating oxidative stress as the increase of an anti-oxidant is coupled to the decrease of a pro-oxidant