Analyzing the effect of nature on social interaction in urban squares (case examples: squares of Tehran)

One of issues that have been considered in the urban environment is improving the quality of these spaces. Enjoying nature and its elements can play a role in promoting them; this role can be searched in the relationship between man, nature and characterization of natural effects on the built environment and their interactions with each other. Because of the importance of urban environments as one of the most important of this space and their role in the development of society, the focus is on squares and the influence of nature on social interactions and how to respond to some psychological needs of human nature is assessed.In this study, using descriptive-analytical study and library method it was confirmed that vitality and sociability in urban areas, have a significant impact on increasing social interaction and increasing these factors improve urban spaces. By using correlation method and questionnaire and their analysis using SPSS software it was concluded that proper use of designed natural space, has a significant impact on satisfaction, socialization, creating vitality and ultimately increase local identity and social interaction.Keywords: Urban Space, Square, Natural Space, Vitality, Sociability, Social interactio

The effect of nature on social interactions in urban squares (Case study: Squares of Tehran)

One of the issues that have been considered in the urban space is improving the quality of these spaces. Using nature and its elements can play a role in promoting them and this role can be sought in the relationship between man, nature and  identification of nature's effect on artificial environment and their interactions with each other. Because of the importance of urban environments and squares as one of the most important of these spaces and their role in the development of society, the focus is on squares the effect of nature on social interactions and the way nature responds to some psychological needs of human is assessed. In this study, using descriptive analytical design and through library research method, it was proved that vitality and sociability in urban areas, have a significant impact on increasing social interaction and increase of these factors improve urban spaces. Using correlation method, questionnaires and analysis of them using SPSS, it was  concluded that the use of natural space with the appropriate design, has a significant impact on satisfaction, sociability, creating vitality and local identity and ultimately increase of social interactions.Key words: urban space, square, natural space, vitality, sociability, social interactions

Data-driven mathematical modeling of the effect of particle size distribution on the transitory reaction kinetics of hot metal desulfurization

Abstract The aim of this work was to develop a prediction model for hot metal desulfurization. More specifically, the study aimed at finding a set of explanatory variables that are mandatory in prediction of the kinetics of the lime-based transitory desulfurization reaction and evolution of the sulfur content in the hot metal. The prediction models were built through multivariable analysis of process data and phenomena-based simulations. The model parameters for the suggested model types are identified by solving multivariable least-squares cost functions with suitable solution strategies. One conclusion we arrived at was that in order to accurately predict the rate of desulfurization, it is necessary to know the particle size distribution of the desulfurization reagent. It was also observed that a genetic algorithm can be successfully applied in numerical parameter identification of the proposed model type. It was found that even a very simplistic parameterized expression for the first-order rate constant provides more accurate prediction for the end content of sulfur compared to more complex models, if the data set applied for the modeling contains the adequate information