Inhibitory Effects of Some Carbohydrates on Nano-Globular Aggregation of both Normal and Glycated Albumin.

BACKGROUND: Protein aggregation is one of the important, common and troubling problems in biotechnology, pharmaceutical industries and amyloid-re-lated disorders. METHODS: In the present study, the inhibitory effects of some carbohydrates (alginate, β-cyclodextrin and trehalose) on the formation of nano-globular aggregates from normal (HSA) and glycated (GHSA) human serum albumin were studied; when the formation of aggregates was induced by the simultaneous heating and addition of dithiotheritol. For the investigations, the biophysical methods of UV-vis spectrophotometry, circular dichroism spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and tensiometry were employed. RESULTS: The effect of inhibitory mechanism of these inhibitors on the aggregation of HSA and GHSA was expressed and compared together. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the nucleus formation step of the aggregation process of HSA and GHSA was different in the presence of alginate (compared to β-cyclodextrin and trehalose). The inhibition efficiencies of the carbohydrates on the aggregate formation of HSA and GHSA were different, arising from the differences in the hydrophobicities of HSA and GHSA, and also, the differences between HSA- and GHSA-carbohydrate interactions

A Study of Sonodynamic Therapy of Melanoma C540 Cells in Vitro by Titania/Gold Nanoparticles

Background: Sonodynamic Therapy (SDT), a safe and non-invasive strategy in tumor therapy, is in development using novel sono-sensitizers, activated by low-intensity ultrasound radiation. SDT mainly progresses through Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation followed by cell annihilation.Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasound therapy with titania/gold nanoparticles (NPs) on melanoma cancer.Material and Methods: In this experimental study, Titania/gold NPs (TGNPs) were synthesized, and their activity was investigated in sonodynamic therapy of a melanoma cancer cell line (C540). SDT was performed at 1.0 W cm-2 and 1.0 MHz for one minute.Results: The synthesized NPs that comprised gold NPs of <10 nm into titania NPs of <20 nm showed great stability and cytocompatibility. While TGNPs were biocompatible, a remarkable rate of cell ablation was observed upon ultrasound irradiation due to ROS generation. Conclusion: The SDT using TGNPs can be introduced as an alternative and low-cost treatment method for melanoma malignancy

Inhibitory effects of β-cyclodextrin and trehalose on nanofibril and AGE formation during glycation of human serum albumin

The effects of β-cyclodextrin (β-CyD) and trehalose on glycation of human serum albumin (HSA) were studied. These additives reduced AGEs and nanofibril formation of HSA under in vitro glycation conditions and improved its helical structure. These were accomplished through direct interactions of them with HSA and alterations in solute-protein interactions

Nano-technological methods for increasing the oral bioavailability of curcumin

Background & Objective: Curcumin is a tropical plant in the ginger (Zingiberaceae) family. Three curcuminoids were from turmeric: Curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and Bisdemethoxycurcumin. The potential health benefits of curcumin are limited by their poor solubility, hydrophobic property, and low absorption from the gut, rapid metabolism and rapid systemic elimination. Materials & Methods: Scholarly articles were selected using valid keywords and searching on the SID, Google Scholar, PubMed and Elsevier databases. The aim of this paper is to introduce Nano-technological techniques for increasing the oral bioavailability of curcumin. Results: Increase in the drug bioavailability is one of the goals of nanotechnology. Nano-scale materials increase the drug bioavailability due to their unique features. The bioavailability of a drug is defined as a percentage of the initial dose that is independent of the administration route of the drug entering the bloodstream. To improve the bioavailability of curcumin, numerous techniques are used such as curcumin liposome complex, curcumin phospholipid nanoparticles and structural analogues of curcumin. Conclusion: Curcumin has a unique biological and pharmaceutical property. Of course, one of the major limitations of curcumin is its instability and its low solubility. Thus, it is useful to provide a method that can increase the solubility of poorly soluble drugs in water and protect them to achieve the target site. Nanotechnology has provided many ways to improve the solubility and transport of these drugs. &nbsp

A novel and ultrasensitive label-free electrochemical DNA biosensor for Trichomonas vaginalis detection based on a nanostructured film of poly(ortho-aminophenol)

Trichomoniasis, as a major public health concern, is the world’s most common sexually transmissible disease. This infection is caused by a protozoan parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) that can lead to reproductive and genital area problems. Accordingly, it is of great significance to expand new methods for increasing the sensitivity of TV detection. In this study, a novel label-free electrochemical DNA biosensor for TV quantitation was constructed based on an electropolymerized poly(ortho-aminophenol) thin film simultaneously acting as a transducer as well as a redox indicator. The redox-active polymeric film was utilized to covalent immobilization of a specific thiolated DNA probe. The hybridization process was then monitored by differential pulse voltammetry. The proposed biosensor detected a synthetic TV target sequence with a calibration sensitivity of − 0.0113 µA (log (concentration/mol L−1))−1, a linear concentration range of 1.0 × 10−20 to 1.0 × 10−12 mol L−1, and a detection limit of 3.9 × 10−21 mol L−1. It also showed an ability to differentiate between the complementary sequence and the base-mismatched and non-complementary sequences with a nice selectivity. Moreover, the designed biosensor was able to detect the TV genome with a calibration sensitivity of − 0.0774 µA (log (concentration/ng µL−1))−1, a linear range of 0.55–64 ng mL−1 and a detection limit of 1.0 pg µL−1