A KINETIC COMPARISON OF THE INSIDE SOCCER KICK BETWEEN HIGH PERFORMANCE PLAYER AND JUNIOR PLAYERS

Kinetic aspect of the inside soccer kick was investigated and comparison was made between those of a high performance player and junior players. One high performance player and five junior players volunteered to participate in this study. Their kicking motions were analyzed through three-dimensional cinematograpgic technique. Joints torques, generated at hip and knee joints, were computed by a three-link kinetic chain composed of thigh, shank, and foot. A marked difference was observed for the hip external rotation torque. All the junior players exhibited hip external rotation torque, and its magnitude was particularly dominant in the latter part of leg swing. Conversely, the magnitude of hip external rotation torque for the professional player was negligible. These results may help to explain differences in kicking techniques between the two levels of players

Estimating dynamics of fern species richness and assemblages for 30 years in Japan capital and along planning belt of linear motor car from Tokyo to Nagoya

We surveyed species density of ferns in Musashi (Tokyo and Saitama Prefs.), around capital of Japan, and planning belt of Linea express of 250km from Tokyo to Nagoya during 1997-2017, considering with records 30 years (mainly 1960-1980). The species richness (species richness per 10km X 10km) and similarity of species assemblages represented by species overlap were recorded and calculated between them of the past and present. Recent species richness is about half or less and the similarity ranged 0-48% in Musashi and 20-50% in the similarity along the Linea express planning belt.ArticleForestry Research and Engineering: International Journal. 2(2):68-73 (2018)journal articl

糖尿病無料検診

The Tokushima-Nishi Medical Association has so far provided ２０ diabetes screenings for free. The screenings determined blood glucose levels, HbA１c, height, weight, BMI and blood pressure etc. A total of ６４０ people were examined in the ２０ screenings. The screenings found １２３ people with impaired blood glucose levels（more than １１０ mg/dl at fasting state and １４０ mg/dl at postprandial state, respectively）, ３３６ prediabetic people with HbA１c of ５．６‐６．４％ and １０４ diabetic people with HbA１c of６．５％ or more. In addition, there were ２９６ people with hypertension（１４０／９０ mmHg or higher）and ２０６ people with BMI of ２５ or more. There were as many as １０３ prediabetic and ５７ diabetic people among the people with BMI of ２５ or higher, indicating that ７７．７％ of obese people were prediabetes or diabetes. Of the １０４ people with diabetic HbA１c, as high as ５７．７％ had complicating hypertension and ５４．８％ complicating obesity. Of the people with diabetic HbA１c ４０．４％ had normal blood glucose levels. Therefore, it is necessary to determine both blood glucose level and HbA１c at the same time for the screening of diabetes. Since obese people are often prediabetes or diabetes, it is desirable for them to have medical examinations even if they are asymptomatic. In addition, the significance of this screening lies in learning diet therapy for preventing diabetes from dietitians

Effects of Kurozu concentrated liquid on adipocyte size in rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Kurozu concentrated liquid (KCL) is used as a health-promoting supplement for the treatment of disorders such as cancer, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension in Japan. We investigated the possible anti-obesity effects of KCL in rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed American Institute of Nutrition 76 formula diet and were orally administrated KCL or acetic acid at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight or deionized water for 4 weeks. Adipocyte size, DNA content in subcutaneous adipose tissue, lipid levels in the serum and liver, and the rate of fatty acid excretion were determined. Effects of KCL on pancreatic lipase activity and 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation were investigated <it>in vitro</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the KCL group, the average adipocyte size in subcutaneous and perirenal adipose tissues was significantly reduced. The KCL-administered rats displayed greater numbers of small adipocytes in the subcutaneous, perirenal and mesenteric adipose tissues than did rats from the other groups. In the KCL group, the DNA content in subcutaneous adipose tissue was significantly increased. The rate of fatty acid excretion was significantly increased in the KCL group. Furthermore, KCL significantly inhibited pancreatic lipase activity <it>in vitro</it>, and also significantly inhibited fat accumulation and mRNA expression of fatty acid binding protein 2 (aP2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated γ (PPARγ) in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte. The levels of serum and liver lipids, the concentration of serum glucose, and the levels of adiponectin were similar among the 3 groups.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Oral administration of KCL decreases the adipocyte size <it>via </it>inhibition of dietary fat absorption and reductions of PPARγ and aP2 mRNA expression levels in adipocytes.</p

Inhibition of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase signaling leads to hypercholesterolemia and promotes hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance

Adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates multiple signaling pathways involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in response to changes in hormonal and nutrient status. Cell culture studies have shown that AMPK phosphorylation and inhibition of the rate‐limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl (HMG) coenzyme A (CoA) reductase (HMGCR) at serine‐871 (Ser871; human HMGCR Ser872) suppresses cholesterol synthesis. In order to evaluate the role of AMPK‐HMGCR signaling in vivo, we generated mice with a Ser871‐alanine (Ala) knock‐in mutation (HMGCR KI). Cholesterol synthesis was significantly suppressed in wild‐type (WT) but not in HMGCR KI hepatocytes in response to AMPK activators. Liver cholesterol synthesis and cholesterol levels were significantly up‐regulated in HMGCR KI mice. When fed a high‐carbohydrate diet, HMGCR KI mice had enhanced triglyceride synthesis and liver steatosis, resulting in impaired glucose homeostasis. Conclusion: AMPK‐HMGCR signaling alone is sufficient to regulate both cholesterol and triglyceride synthesis under conditions of a high‐carbohydrate diet. Our findings highlight the tight coupling between the mevalonate and fatty acid synthesis pathways as well as revealing a role of AMPK in suppressing the deleterious effects of a high‐carbohydrate diet

Intermittent hypoxia increases ventilation and Sa O2 during hypoxic exercise and hypoxic chemosensitivity

Fear conditioning studies have shown that social anxiety is associated with enhanced expectancy of aversive outcome. However, the relation between cognitive expectancy and social anxiety has never been tested in avoidance conditioning paradigms. We compared 48 low (LSA) and high socially anxious individuals (HSA) on subjective expectancy of aversive outcome during an avoidance conditioning task. Displays of neutral faces were coupled with an aversive outcome (US): a shout and a shock. Participants could avoid the US by pressing a correct button from a button box. First, HSA showed higher US expectancy than LSA during the initial phase of avoidance conditioning, supporting the view that socially anxious individuals have an expectancy bias when social situations are ambiguous. Second, when the avoidance response became unavailable, LSA showed lower US expectancy than HSA, suggesting that low socially anxious individuals are prone to a positive bias when perceived threat is high. A lack of such positive bias in socially anxious individuals may lead to higher susceptibility to safety behavior interpretations. Together, these findings support the role of cognitive processes in avoidance conditioning and underscore the relevance to encounter avoidance learning when studying social anxiety