1,115 research outputs found
Solving the shallow water equations on the Cray X-MP/48 and the connection machine 2
The shallow water equations in Cartesian coordinates and 2-D are solved on the Connection Machine 2 (CM-2) using both the spectral and finite difference methods. A description of these implementations is presented together with a brief discussion of the CM-2 as it relates to these specific computations. The finite difference code was written both in C* and *LISP and the spectral code was written in *LISP. The performance of the codes is compared with a FORTRAN version that was optimized for the Cray X-MP/48
The development and applications of ultrafast electron nanocrystallography
We review the development of ultrafast electron nanocrystallography as a
method for investigating structural dynamics for nanoscale materials and
interfaces. Its sensitivity and resolution are demonstrated in the studies of
surface melting of gold nanocrystals, nonequilibrium transformation of graphite
into reversible diamond-like intermediates, and molecular scale charge
dynamics, showing a versatility for not only determining the structures, but
also the charge and energy redistribution at interfaces. A quantitative scheme
for three-dimensional retrieval of atomic structures is demonstrated with
few-particle (< 1000) sensitivity, establishing this nanocrystallographic
method as a tool for directly visualizing dynamics within isolated
nanomaterials with atomic scale spatio-temporal resolution.Comment: 33 pages, 17 figures (Review article, 2008 conference of ultrafast
electron microscopy conference and ultrafast sciences
Microglobule formation and a microscopic order parameter monitoring the phase transition of aqueous poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) solution
The coil-to-globule transition of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) in water is generally believed to be driven by hydrophobic interaction between the isopropyl groups of its side chains. However, it is still unclear how dehydration and critical fluctuations of the polymer chains are correlated. Here, we use small-and wide-angle x-ray scattering and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy to cover a wide range of the relevant length and time scales, enabling us to grasp an overall picture of this phase transition. We find that the hydration number of pNIPAm decreases only moderately with temperature up to about 6 K below its spinodal temperature T-S, but then drops steeply on approaching T-S. This rapid dehydration is coupled to a mean-field-like power-law divergence of the correlation length xi, representing fluctuations of the density order parameter. Real-space decoding of an observed interference peak reveals partial-globule formation even far below T-S and demonstrates that the polymer-rich phase above T-S can be understood as a high-density assembly of the microglobules. Strikingly, condensation of the microglobules and the divergence of xi do not run parallel. Instead, the condensation occurs only above T-S and is completed about 6 K above T-S. The local number density of the microglobules, exhibiting a steplike increase just above T-S, should be identified as an additional microscopic order parameter governing the phase transition of pNIPAm
Possible nodal superconducting gap emerging at the Lifshitz transition in heavily hole-doped Ba0.1K0.9Fe2As2
We performed a high energy resolution ARPES investigation of over-doped
Ba0.1K0.9Fe2As2 with T_c= 9 K. The Fermi surface topology of this material is
similar to that of KFe2As2 and differs from that of slightly less doped
Ba0.3K0.7Fe2As2, implying that a Lifshitz transition occurred between x=0.7 and
x=0.9. Albeit for a vertical node found at the tip of the emerging
off-M-centered Fermi surface pocket lobes, the superconducting gap structure is
similar to that of Ba0.3K0.7Fe2As2, suggesting that the paring interaction is
not driven by the Fermi surface topology.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
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